Domanda del libro di testo
Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (c) As you cool a saturated solution from high temperature to low temperature, solids start to crystallize out of solution if you achieve a supersaturated solution.
Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 13, Problema 34b
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in water: (b) propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH) or sodium propionate (CH3CH2COONa)
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the nature of each compound: Propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH) is a carboxylic acid, while sodium propionate (CH3CH2COONa) is a salt formed from the neutralization of propionic acid with sodium hydroxide.
Consider the solubility rules: Generally, salts of sodium (Na+) are highly soluble in water due to the strong ionic interactions between the ions and water molecules.
Analyze the molecular interactions: Propionic acid can form hydrogen bonds with water due to its -COOH group, but it is a weaker acid and less ionized in water compared to its sodium salt.
Compare the solubility: Sodium propionate, being an ionic compound, will dissociate completely in water, increasing its solubility compared to the molecular form of propionic acid.
Conclude based on solubility principles: Sodium propionate is likely to be more soluble in water than propionic acid due to its ionic nature and the presence of the highly soluble sodium ion.
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Polarity and Solubility
The principle of 'like dissolves like' states that polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Water is a polar solvent, meaning that ionic and polar compounds are generally more soluble in it. Understanding the polarity of the molecules in question is crucial for predicting their solubility.
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02:38
Molecular Polarity
Ionic Compounds in Water
Ionic compounds, such as sodium propionate, dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water. This dissociation increases the interaction with water molecules, enhancing solubility. In contrast, molecular compounds like propionic acid may not dissociate as completely, affecting their overall solubility in water.
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02:11Ionic Compounds Naming
Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen, creating a polar molecule. Both propionic acid and sodium propionate can form hydrogen bonds with water, but the presence of the ionic sodium ion in sodium propionate enhances its solubility due to stronger interactions with water compared to the neutral propionic acid.
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01:22Hydrogenation Reactions
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