Domanda del libro di testo
The precipitation of Al(OH)3 (Ksp) = 1.3⨉10-33) is sometimes used ot purify water. (a) Estimate the pH at which precipitation of Al(OH)3 will begin if 5.0 lb of Al2(SO4)3 is added to 2000 gal of water
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Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 18, Problema 88
The degradation of CF3CH2F (an HFC) by OH radicals in the troposphere is first order in each reactant and has a rate constant of k = 1.6x10^8 M-1s-1 at 4 °C. If the tropospheric concentrations of OH and CF3CH2F are 8.1x10^5 and 6.3x10^8 molecules/cm3, respectively, what is the reaction rate at this temperature in M/s?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Convert the concentrations of OH and CF3CH2F from molecules/cm³ to molarity (M). Use the conversion factor: 1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 molecules and 1 cm³ = 1 x 10^-3 L.
Calculate the molarity of OH by dividing the number of molecules by Avogadro's number and then converting cm³ to L.
Calculate the molarity of CF3CH2F using the same method as for OH.
Use the rate law for a second-order reaction: Rate = k[OH][CF3CH2F], where k is the rate constant and [OH] and [CF3CH2F] are the molar concentrations.
Substitute the values of k, [OH], and [CF3CH2F] into the rate equation to find the reaction rate in M/s.
Concetti chiave
Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.
First-Order Reactions
First-order reactions are those where the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant. In this case, the degradation of CF3CH2F by OH radicals is first order in both reactants, meaning that the rate can be expressed as rate = k[OH][CF3CH2F], where k is the rate constant. Understanding this relationship is crucial for calculating the reaction rate.
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Percorso guidato
02:29
First-Order Reactions
Rate Constant (k)
The rate constant (k) is a proportionality factor that relates the reaction rate to the concentrations of the reactants in a chemical reaction. It is specific to a given reaction at a particular temperature. In this question, the rate constant is given as 1.6x10^8 M-1s-1, which indicates how quickly the reaction occurs under the specified conditions.
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Percorso guidato
01:14Equilibrium Constant K
Concentration Units and Conversion
Concentration is often expressed in molarity (M), which is moles of solute per liter of solution. However, in this question, concentrations are provided in molecules per cubic centimeter (molecules/cm3). To calculate the reaction rate in M/s, it is necessary to convert these concentrations into molarity, using Avogadro's number (6.022x10^23 molecules/mol) to facilitate the conversion.
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Percorso guidato
01:56Conversion Factors
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The Henry's law constant for CO2 in water at 25 °C is 3.1x10^-2 M atm-1. (a) What is the soubility of CO2 in water at this temperature if the soltuion is in contact with air at normal atmospheric pressure?
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Domanda del libro di testo
The valuable polymer polyurethane is made by a condensa- tion reaction of alcohols (ROH) with compounds that con- tain an isocyanate group (RNCO). Two reactions that can generate a urethane monomer are shown here: (i)
(ii)
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Domanda del libro di testo
The following data were collected for the desturction of O3 by H (O3 + H → O2 + OH) at very low concentrations (b) Calculate the rate constant
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