Domanda del libro di testo
(a) For a process that occurs at constant temperature, does the change in Gibbs free energy depend on changes in the enthalpy and entropy of the system?
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Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 19, Problema 55b
For a certain chemical reaction, ΔH° = -35.4 kJ and ΔS° = -85.5 J/K. (b) Does the reaction lead to an increase or decrease in the randomness or disorder of the system?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the given entropy change, ΔS°, which is -85.5 J/K.
Understand that entropy, represented by 'S', is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system.
Recognize that a negative ΔS° indicates a decrease in entropy.
Conclude that if ΔS° is negative, the randomness or disorder of the system decreases during the reaction.
Thus, the reaction leads to a decrease in the randomness or disorder of the system.
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Enthalpy (ΔH)
Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system, often associated with heat transfer during a reaction at constant pressure. A negative ΔH indicates that the reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat to the surroundings. This can influence the spontaneity of a reaction, as exothermic reactions tend to favor product formation.
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Percorso guidato
02:34
Enthalpy of Formation
Entropy (ΔS)
Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. A negative ΔS indicates that the reaction leads to a decrease in disorder, meaning the products are more ordered than the reactants. Understanding entropy is crucial for predicting the spontaneity of reactions, as systems tend to evolve towards higher entropy.
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Percorso guidato
02:46Entropy in Thermodynamics
Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)
Gibbs Free Energy combines enthalpy and entropy to determine the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature and pressure. The relationship is given by the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. A negative ΔG indicates that a reaction is spontaneous, while a positive ΔG suggests non-spontaneity. In this case, the signs of ΔH and ΔS will help assess the overall spontaneity.
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Percorso guidato
01:51Gibbs Free Energy of Reactions
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
For a certain chemical reaction, ΔH° = -35.4 kJ and ΔS° = -85.5 J/K. (c) Calculate ΔG° for the reaction at 298 K. (d) Is the reaction spontaneous at 298 K under standard conditions?
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Domanda del libro di testo
(b) For a certain process that occurs at constant T and P, the value of ΔG is positive. Is the process spontaneous?