Domanda del libro di testo
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (c) In a certain spontaneous process the system undergoes an entropy change of 4.2 J/K; therefore, the entropy change of the surroundings must be -4.2 J/K.
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Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 19, Problema 23b
The normal boiling point of Br2(𝑙) is 58.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of vaporization is Δ𝐻vap=29.6kJ/mol. (b) Calculate the value of Δ𝑆 when 1.00 mol of Br2(𝑙) is vaporized at 58.8 °C.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the formula to calculate the change in entropy (\( \Delta S \)) for a phase change: \( \Delta S = \frac{\Delta H_{\text{vap}}}{T} \).
Convert the temperature from degrees Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the given temperature: \( T = 58.8 + 273.15 \).
Substitute the given values into the formula: \( \Delta S = \frac{29.6 \text{ kJ/mol}}{T} \), where \( T \) is the temperature in Kelvin.
Ensure the units are consistent. Since \( \Delta H_{\text{vap}} \) is given in kJ/mol, the result for \( \Delta S \) will be in kJ/(mol·K).
Calculate the value of \( \Delta S \) using the substituted values.
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Enthalpy of Vaporization
The enthalpy of vaporization (ΔH_vap) is the amount of energy required to convert one mole of a liquid into its vapor at constant temperature and pressure. For Br₂, this value is given as 29.6 kJ/mol, indicating the energy needed to vaporize the liquid at its boiling point. Understanding this concept is crucial for calculating changes in entropy during phase transitions.
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Percorso guidato
01:37
Enthalpy of Vaporization Example
Entropy (ΔS)
Entropy (ΔS) is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. When a substance transitions from a liquid to a gas, such as Br₂ vaporizing, the entropy increases due to the greater freedom of movement of gas molecules compared to liquid molecules. The change in entropy can be calculated using the formula ΔS = ΔH/T, where ΔH is the enthalpy change and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
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02:46Entropy in Thermodynamics
Temperature Conversion
In thermodynamic calculations, it is essential to convert temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin. The Kelvin scale is used because it is an absolute temperature scale, where 0 K represents absolute zero. To convert Celsius to Kelvin, simply add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. For the boiling point of Br₂ at 58.8 °C, the corresponding temperature in Kelvin is 331.95 K.
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02:10Temperature Conversion Example
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The element gallium (Ga) freezes at 29.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of fusion is ΔHfus = 5.59 kJ/mol. (a) When molten gallium solidifies to Ga(s) at its normal melting point, is ΔS positive or negative?
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Domanda del libro di testo
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) ΔS is a state function. (b) If a system undergoes a reversible change, the entropy of the universe increases. (c) If a system undergoes a reversible process, the change in entropy of the system is exactly matched by an equal and opposite change in the entropy of the surroundings. (d) If a system undergoes a reversible process, the entropy change of the system must be zero.
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Domanda del libro di testo
The element gallium (Ga) freezes at 29.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of fusion is ΔHfus = 5.59 kJ/mol. (b) Calculate the value of ΔS when 60.0 g of Ga(l) solidifies at 29.8 °C.
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Domanda del libro di testo
The normal boiling point of Br2(l) is 58.8 °C, and its molar enthalpy of vaporization is ΔHvap = 29.6 kJ/mol. (a) When Br2(l) boils at its normal boiling point, does its entropy increase or decrease?
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