Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry

Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition

Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo

Brown 14th Edition

Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry

Problema 78c

Capitolo 3, Problema 78c

Aluminum hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid as follows: 2 Al1OH231s2 + 3 H2SO41aq2¡Al21SO4231aq2 + 6 H2O1l2 How many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of the reaction?

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Identify the balanced chemical equation: \(2 \text{Al(OH)}_3 (s) + 3 \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 (aq) \rightarrow \text{Al}_2(\text{SO}_4)_3 (aq) + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} (l)\).

Determine the initial moles of each reactant. You will need the initial masses or concentrations and volumes to calculate this.

Use stoichiometry to find the limiting reactant by comparing the mole ratio of the reactants to the coefficients in the balanced equation.

Calculate the moles of the excess reactant that reacted using the stoichiometry of the reaction.

Subtract the moles of the excess reactant that reacted from the initial moles to find the moles remaining after the reaction.

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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation. It allows us to determine the proportions of substances involved in a reaction, which is essential for identifying limiting and excess reactants. In this case, understanding the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation helps in calculating how many moles of each reactant are consumed and how many remain.

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Percorso guidato

01:16

Stoichiometry Concept

Limiting Reactant

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, thus determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed. Identifying the limiting reactant is crucial because it dictates how much of the excess reactant will remain after the reaction has gone to completion. In this reaction, we need to compare the initial amounts of aluminum hydroxide and sulfuric acid to find which one limits the reaction.

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Percorso guidato

01:30

Limiting Reagent Concept

Excess Reactant

The excess reactant is the substance that remains after the reaction has completed because it was not completely consumed. Understanding the concept of excess reactants is important for calculating how much of a reactant is left over after the reaction, which can be determined by subtracting the amount used from the initial amount. This is particularly relevant in this question, where we need to find out how many moles of the excess reactant are left after the reaction between aluminum hydroxide and sulfuric acid.

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Percorso guidato

01:30

Limiting Reagent Concept

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One of the steps in the commercial process for converting ammonia to nitric acid is the conversion of NH3 to NO: 4 NH31g2 + 5 O21g2¡4 NO1g2 + 6 H2O1g2 In a certain experiment, 2.00 g of NH3 reacts with 2.50 g of O2. (a) Which is the limiting reactant?

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Aluminum hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid as follows: 2 Al1OH231s2 + 3 H2SO41aq2¡Al21SO4231aq2 + 6 H2O1l2 Which is the limiting reactant when 0.500 mol Al1OH23 and 0.500 mol H2SO4 are allowed to react?

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The fizz produced when an Alka-Seltzer tablet is dissolved in water is due to the reaction between sodium bicarbonate 1NaHCO32 and citric acid 1H3C6H5O72: 3 NaHCO31aq2 + H3C6H5O71aq2¡ 3 CO21g2 + 3H2O1l2 + Na3C6H5O71aq2 In a certain experiment 1.00 g of sodium bicarbonate and 1.00 g of citric acid are allowed to react. (a) Which is the limiting reactant? (b) How many grams of carbon dioxide form? (c) How many grams of the excess reactant remain after the limiting reactant is completely consumed?

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Aluminum hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid as follows: 2 Al1OH231s2 + 3 H2SO41aq2¡Al21SO4231aq2 + 6 H2O1l2 How many moles of Al21SO423 can form under these conditions?

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Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide as follows: 2 NaOH1s2 + CO21g2¡Na2CO31s2 + H2O1l2 How many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of the reaction?

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