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(b) Repeat these calculations using Slater’s rules.
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Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 7, Problema 81d
(d) If you remove a single electron from a P atom, which orbital will it come from?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the electron configuration of a neutral phosphorus (P) atom. Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, which means it has 15 electrons in its neutral state.
Write out the electron configuration using the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle. The electron configuration of phosphorus is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.
Determine which electrons are the most loosely held. Electrons in the highest energy level (highest principal quantum number, n) are generally the most loosely held.
Identify the outermost electrons in phosphorus. In this case, the electrons in the 3p orbital are the outermost.
Conclude that if a single electron is removed from a phosphorus atom, it will come from the 3p orbital, as these are the highest energy electrons and most accessible for removal.
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Electron Configuration
Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. For a phosphorus (P) atom, which has 15 electrons, the electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³. Understanding this configuration is essential to determine which orbital an electron will be removed from when an atom is ionized.
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Percorso guidato
01:33
Electron Configuration Example
Orbitals and Energy Levels
Orbitals are regions in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons. They are organized into energy levels, with s, p, d, and f types having different shapes and capacities. In phosphorus, the outermost electrons are in the 3s and 3p orbitals, which are higher in energy compared to the filled inner orbitals.
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04:12Molecular Orbital Diagram
Ionization Energy
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state. The first ionization energy for phosphorus is relatively low compared to noble gases, indicating that the outermost electrons (in the 3s and 3p orbitals) are more easily removed. This concept helps predict which orbital an electron will be removed from during ionization.
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01:19Ionization Energy
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
In Table 7.8, the bonding atomic radius of neon is listed as
58 pm, whereas that for xenon is listed as 140 pm. A classmate
of yours states that the value for Xe is more realistic
than the one for Ne. Is she correct? If so, what is the basis
for her statement?
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Domanda del libro di testo
(c) Detailed calculations indicate that the effective nuclear charge is 5.6+ for the 3s electrons and 4.9+ for the 3p electrons. Why are the values for the 3s and 3p electrons different?
Domanda del libro di testo
The As ¬ As bond length in elemental arsenic is 2.48 Å. The Cl ¬ Cl bond length in Cl2 is 1.99 Å. (a) Based on these data, what is the predicted As ¬ Cl bond length in arsenic trichlo- ride, AsCl3, in which each of the three Cl atoms is bonded to the As atom?
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Domanda del libro di testo
(a) If the core electrons were totally effective at screening the valence electrons and the valence electrons provided no screening for each other, what would be the effective nuclear charge acting on the 3s and 3p valence electrons in P?
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