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Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding TheoriesProblema 114b
Capitolo 9, Problema 114b

Sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) reacts slowly with O2 to form sulfur tetrafluoride monoxide (OSF4) according to the following unbalanced reaction: SF4(g) + O2(g) → OSF4(g) The O atom and the four F atoms in OSF4 are bonded to a central S atom. (b) Write a Lewis structure of OSF4 in which the formal charges of all atoms are zero.

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Identify the total number of valence electrons in OSF_4. Sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons, oxygen (O) has 6, and each fluorine (F) has 7. Therefore, the total is 6 (S) + 6 (O) + 4 * 7 (F) = 40 valence electrons.
Place the sulfur (S) atom in the center, as it is the least electronegative element, and arrange the oxygen (O) and four fluorine (F) atoms around it.
Draw single bonds between the central sulfur atom and each of the surrounding atoms (O and F). This uses up 5 bonds * 2 electrons/bond = 10 electrons.
Distribute the remaining 30 electrons to satisfy the octet rule for the surrounding atoms, starting with the more electronegative atoms (O and F). Each F atom should have 6 more electrons to complete its octet, using 24 electrons in total.
Assign the remaining electrons to the central sulfur atom. Check the formal charges: S should have 0 formal charge with 6 electrons around it, O should have 0 formal charge with 8 electrons around it, and each F should have 0 formal charge with 8 electrons around it.

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Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They help visualize the arrangement of electrons and the connectivity of atoms, allowing chemists to predict molecular geometry and reactivity. In constructing a Lewis structure, one must account for the total number of valence electrons and ensure that each atom achieves a stable electron configuration, typically resembling that of noble gases.
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Lewis Dot Structures: Ions

Formal Charge

Formal charge is a concept used to determine the distribution of electrons in a molecule. It is calculated by taking the number of valence electrons in an atom, subtracting the number of non-bonding electrons, and half the number of bonding electrons. A formal charge of zero on all atoms in a molecule is often desirable, as it indicates a more stable structure. Understanding formal charges is crucial for drawing accurate Lewis structures and predicting molecular stability.
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Formal Charge

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It is influenced by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom, which can affect the molecule's shape and properties. The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory is commonly used to predict molecular geometry, helping to understand how the arrangement of atoms can impact reactivity and interactions with other molecules.
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Sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) reacts slowly with O2 to form sulfur tetrafluoride monoxide (OSF4) according to the following unbalanced reaction: SF4(g) + O2(g) → OSF4(g) The O atom and the four F atoms in OSF4 are bonded to a central S atom. (c) Use average bond enthalpies (Table 8.3) to estimate the enthalpy of the reaction. Is it endothermic or exothermic?

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Domanda del libro di testo
The phosphorus trihalides 1PX32 show the following variation in the bond angle X¬P¬X: PF3, 96.3°; PCl3, 100.3°; PBr3, 101.0°; PI3, 102.0°. The trend is generally attributed to the change in the electronegativity of the halogen. (b) What is the general trend in the X¬P¬X angle as the halide electronegativity increases?
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Domanda del libro di testo

Sulfur tetrafluoride 1SF42 reacts slowly with O2 to form sulfur tetrafluoride monoxide 1OSF42 according to the following unbalanced reaction: SF41g2 + O21g2¡OSF41g2 The O atom and the four F atoms in OSF4 are bonded to a central S atom. (a) Balance the equation.

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Domanda del libro di testo

Sulfur tetrafluoride 1SF42 reacts slowly with O2 to form sulfur

tetrafluoride monoxide 1OSF42 according to the following

unbalanced reaction:

SF41g2 + O21g2¡OSF41g2

The O atom and the four F atoms in OSF4 are bonded to a

central S atom.

(e) For each of the molecules you drew in part (d), state how many

fluorines are equatorial and how many are axial.

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