Domanda del libro di testo
For each molecule (a)–(f), indicate how many different electron-domain geometries are consistent with the molecular geometry shown. a.
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Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 9, Problema 4c
The molecule shown here is difluoromethane 1CH2F22, which is used as a refrigerant called R-32. (c) If the molecule is polar, which of the following describes the direction of the overall dipole moment vector in the molecule: (i) from the carbon atom toward a fluorine atom, (ii) from the carbon atom to a point midway between the fluorine atoms, (iii) from the carbon atom to a point midway between the hydrogen atoms, or (iv) from the carbon atom toward a hydrogen atom?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the atoms in the molecule: Carbon (C) is the central atom, with two Fluorine (F) atoms and two Hydrogen (H) atoms bonded to it.
Determine the electronegativity of each atom: Fluorine is more electronegative than Carbon, and Carbon is more electronegative than Hydrogen.
Analyze the bond dipoles: The C-F bonds will have dipoles pointing from Carbon to Fluorine, and the C-H bonds will have dipoles pointing from Hydrogen to Carbon.
Consider the molecular geometry: Difluoromethane (CH2F2) has a tetrahedral shape, with the dipoles of the C-F bonds being stronger than those of the C-H bonds.
Determine the overall dipole moment: The overall dipole moment vector will point from the Carbon atom toward a point midway between the two Fluorine atoms, as the combined effect of the two C-F dipoles dominates the molecular polarity.
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Molecular Polarity
Molecular polarity arises from the distribution of electrical charge across a molecule. A molecule is polar if it has a net dipole moment due to differences in electronegativity between atoms, leading to uneven charge distribution. In difluoromethane, the fluorine atoms are more electronegative than carbon and hydrogen, creating a dipole moment that points toward the fluorine atoms.
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02:38
Molecular Polarity
Dipole Moment
The dipole moment is a vector quantity that represents the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It is defined as the product of the charge and the distance between the charges. In the case of difluoromethane, the dipole moment vector points from the carbon atom toward the more electronegative fluorine atoms, indicating the direction of the overall charge distribution.
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01:25Dipole Moment
Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons within a chemical bond. In difluoromethane, fluorine has a significantly higher electronegativity than carbon and hydrogen, which influences the molecule's polarity. This difference in electronegativity leads to the formation of polar bonds, contributing to the overall dipole moment of the molecule.
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02:10Electronegativity Trends
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
The orbital diagram that follows presents the final step in the formation of hybrid orbitals by a silicon atom. (a) Which of the following best describes what took place before the step pictured in the diagram: (i) Two 3p electrons became unpaired, (ii) An electron was promoted from the 2p orbital to the 3s orbital, or (iii) An electron was promoted from the 3s orbital to the 3p orbital?
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Domanda del libro di testo
The following plot shows the potential energy of two Cl atoms as a function of the distance between them. (c) If the Cl2 molecule is compressed under higher and higher pressure, does the Cl–Cl bond become stronger or weaker?
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Domanda del libro di testo
The orbital diagram that follows presents the final step in the formation of hybrid orbitals by a silicon atom. (b) What type of hybrid orbital is produced in this hybridization?
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