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Ch.10 - Gases
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 15th Edition
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Capitolo 10, Problema 71

At an underwater depth of 250 ft, the pressure is 8.38 atm. What should the mole percent of oxygen be in the diving gas for the partial pressure of oxygen in the mixture to be 0.21 atm, the same as in air at 1 atm?

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Identify the total pressure at the given depth, which is 8.38 atm.
Recognize that the partial pressure of oxygen desired is 0.21 atm.
Use Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, which states that the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is equal to the mole fraction of the gas times the total pressure.
Set up the equation for the partial pressure of oxygen: \( P_{\text{O}_2} = X_{\text{O}_2} \times P_{\text{total}} \), where \( P_{\text{O}_2} = 0.21 \text{ atm} \) and \( P_{\text{total}} = 8.38 \text{ atm} \).
Solve for the mole fraction of oxygen, \( X_{\text{O}_2} = \frac{0.21}{8.38} \), and then convert this mole fraction to a mole percent by multiplying by 100.

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Partial Pressure

Partial pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a single component of a gas mixture. According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas. In this context, understanding how to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in a diving gas mixture is essential for determining the appropriate mole percent of oxygen.
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Partial Pressure Calculation

Mole Fraction

Mole fraction is a way of expressing the concentration of a component in a mixture, defined as the ratio of the number of moles of that component to the total number of moles of all components. In the context of gas mixtures, the mole fraction can be used to calculate the partial pressure of a gas, as it directly relates to how much of that gas is present in the mixture compared to others.
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Mole Fraction Formula

Gas Laws

Gas laws describe the behavior of gases under various conditions of pressure, volume, and temperature. The Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT) is particularly relevant here, as it relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas to the number of moles. Understanding these laws helps in calculating how changes in pressure at different depths affect the composition of diving gases.
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Combined Gas Law
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At an underwater depth of 250 ft, the pressure is 8.38 atm. What should the mole percent of oxygen be in the diving gas for the partial pressure of oxygen in the mixture to be 0.21 atm, the same as in air at 1 atm?