Domanda del libro di testo
(c) Calculate the most probable speeds of Cl2 molecules at 300 K.
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Ch.10 - Gases
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 10, Problema 83
Which one or more of the following statements are true? (a) O2 will effuse faster than Cl2. (b) Effusion and diffusion are different names for the same process. (c) Perfume molecules travel to your nose by the process of effusion. (d) The higher the density of a gas, the shorter the mean free path.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the concept of effusion and diffusion: Effusion is the process by which gas molecules escape through a tiny hole into a vacuum, while diffusion is the spreading of gas molecules throughout a container or space.
Apply Graham's Law of Effusion to statement (a): According to Graham's Law, the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Compare the molar masses of O2 and Cl2 to determine which effuses faster.
Evaluate statement (b) by clarifying the difference between effusion and diffusion: Effusion involves gas molecules passing through a small opening, while diffusion involves the mixing of gases in a space.
Consider statement (c) by understanding how perfume molecules travel: Perfume molecules spread through the air by diffusion, not effusion, as they mix with air molecules and travel to your nose.
Analyze statement (d) by considering the relationship between gas density and mean free path: The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels before colliding with another molecule. Higher density means more molecules in a given volume, leading to a shorter mean free path.
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Graham's Law of Effusion
Graham's Law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. This means lighter gases effuse faster than heavier gases. For example, O2 (molar mass ~32 g/mol) will effuse faster than Cl2 (molar mass ~71 g/mol) because it is lighter.
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2:03
Graham's Law of Effusion
Diffusion vs. Effusion
Diffusion is the process by which gas molecules spread out to occupy a space uniformly, while effusion is the escape of gas molecules through a tiny opening into a vacuum. Although both processes involve the movement of gas particles, they are distinct in their mechanisms and conditions.
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Percorso guidato
02:33Effusion vs Diffusion
Mean Free Path
The mean free path is the average distance a gas molecule travels between collisions with other molecules. It is inversely related to the density of the gas; as density increases, the mean free path decreases due to more frequent collisions. Thus, higher density gases have shorter mean free paths.
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01:05Root Mean Square Speed Formula
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Hydrogen has two naturally occurring isotopes, 1H and 2H. Chlorine also has two naturally occurring isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. Thus, hydrogen chloride gas consists of four distinct types of molecules: 1H35Cl, 1H37Cl, 2H35Cl, and 2H37Cl. Place these four molecules in order of increasing rate of effusion.
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