Domanda del libro di testo
Give the conjugate base of the following Brønsted–Lowry acids: (i) HIO3, (ii) NH4+.
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Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 16, Problema 20b
Give the conjugate acid of the following Brønsted–Lowry bases: (i) SO42-, (ii) CH3NH2.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the Brønsted–Lowry base in each case. A Brønsted–Lowry base is a species that can accept a proton (H⁺).
For each base, add a proton (H⁺) to form the conjugate acid. This involves increasing the hydrogen count by one and adjusting the charge accordingly.
For (i) SO₄²⁻, add H⁺ to form HSO₄⁻. The sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻) accepts a proton to become the hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO₄⁻).
For (ii) CH₃NH₂, add H⁺ to form CH₃NH₃⁺. The methylamine (CH₃NH₂) accepts a proton to become the methylammonium ion (CH₃NH₃⁺).
Verify that the resulting species have the correct charge and structure to ensure they are the conjugate acids of the given bases.
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Brønsted–Lowry Theory
The Brønsted–Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. This framework allows us to understand acid-base reactions in terms of the transfer of protons (H+ ions). In this context, identifying the conjugate acid of a base involves determining what species is formed when the base accepts a proton.
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Percorso guidato
02:08
Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two species that differ by the presence of a proton. When a base gains a proton, it becomes its conjugate acid, while the acid that donates the proton becomes its conjugate base. Understanding these pairs is essential for predicting the outcome of acid-base reactions and for identifying the conjugate acids of given bases.
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01:30Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
Examples of Conjugate Acids
To find the conjugate acids of specific bases, one must consider the chemical structure of the base. For instance, when the sulfate ion (SO4^2-) accepts a proton, it becomes hydrogen sulfate (HSO4^-). Similarly, when methylamine (CH3NH2) accepts a proton, it forms methylammonium (CH3NH3+). Recognizing these transformations is key to solving the problem.
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02:04Conjugate Acids and Bases Example
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Give the conjugate base of the following Brønsted–Lowry acids: (i) HCOOH, (ii) HPO42-.
511
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Identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid and the Brønsted–Lowry base on the left side of each of the following equations, and also identify the conjugate acid and conjugate base of each on the right side:
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Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base among the reactants in each of the following reactions:
(a) Fe(ClO4)3(s) + 6 H2O(l) ⇌ [Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3 ClO4-(aq)
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Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each of the following reactions:
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(b) FeBr3(s) + Br-(aq) ⇌ FeBr4-(aq)
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Identify the Brønsted–Lowry acid and the Brønsted– Lowry base on the left side of each equation, and also identify the conjugate acid and conjugate base of each on the right side.
(a) HBrO(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + BrO-(aq)
(b) HSO4-(aq) + HCO3-(aq) ⇌ SO42-(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
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