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Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 15th Edition
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoBrown 15th EditionCh.18 - Chemistry of the EnvironmentProblema 62
Capitolo 18, Problema 62

(a) What is the difference between a CFC and an HFC?

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Step 1: Understand that both CFCs and HFCs are types of refrigerants or compounds used in various industrial applications, but they differ in their chemical composition and environmental impact.
Step 2: Recognize that CFC stands for chlorofluorocarbon, which means these compounds contain chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), and carbon (C) atoms in their molecular structure.
Step 3: Note that HFC stands for hydrofluorocarbon, which means these compounds contain hydrogen (H), fluorine (F), and carbon (C) atoms, but importantly, they do not contain chlorine.
Step 4: Understand the environmental significance: CFCs contribute to ozone layer depletion because of the chlorine atoms, while HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer but can be potent greenhouse gases.
Step 5: Summarize the difference by stating that the key distinction is the presence of chlorine in CFCs (which affects the ozone layer) versus its absence in HFCs, which makes HFCs less harmful to the ozone but still relevant for global warming.

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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

CFCs are compounds composed of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. They were widely used as refrigerants and propellants but are harmful to the ozone layer because chlorine atoms catalyze ozone depletion in the stratosphere.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

HFCs contain carbon, hydrogen, and fluorine atoms but no chlorine. They were developed as alternatives to CFCs to avoid ozone depletion, as they do not release chlorine atoms that damage the ozone layer.

Environmental Impact and Ozone Depletion

The key environmental difference between CFCs and HFCs lies in their effect on the ozone layer. CFCs contribute to ozone depletion due to chlorine release, while HFCs do not harm the ozone but may have high global warming potential.
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Formation Equations Example 1
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One of the possible consequences of climate change is an increase in the temperature of ocean water. The oceans serve as a 'sink' for CO2 by dissolving large amounts of it.

(a) The figure below shows the solubility of CO2 in water as a function of temperature. Does CO2 behave more or less similarly to other gases in this respect?

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The rate of solar energy striking Earth averages 168 watts per square meter. The rate of energy radiated from Earth's surface averages 390 watts per square meter. Comparing these numbers, one might expect that the planet would cool quickly, yet it does not. Why not?

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Natural gas consists primarily of methane, CH4(g). (b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the incomplete combustion of methane to product CO(g) as the only carbon-containg product.

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