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Which type of substance is attracted by a magnetic field, a diamagnetic substance or a paramagnetic substance?
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Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
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Brown 15th EditionCh.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination ChemistryProblema 21
Brown 15th EditionCh.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination ChemistryProblema 21Capitolo 23, Problema 21
Complete the exercises below. a. Using Werner’s definition of valence, which property is the same as oxidation number, primary valence or secondary valence? b. What term do we normally use for the other type of valence? c. Why can NH₃ serve as a ligand but BH₃ cannot?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand Werner's Coordination Theory. Alfred Werner proposed that metal ions have two types of valences: primary and secondary. The primary valence corresponds to the oxidation state of the metal, while the secondary valence refers to the coordination number, which is the number of ligand atoms bonded to the metal ion.
Step 2: Answer part (a). According to Werner's definition, the primary valence is the same as the oxidation number. This is because the primary valence represents the charge on the metal ion, which is equivalent to its oxidation state.
Step 3: Answer part (b). The term we normally use for the secondary valence is the 'coordination number.' This refers to the number of ligand atoms that are directly bonded to the central metal ion in a coordination complex.
Step 4: Consider the properties of NH₃ and BH₃ as ligands. A ligand is a molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to a metal ion to form a coordinate bond. NH₃ can serve as a ligand because it has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom that can be donated to a metal ion.
Step 5: Explain why BH₃ cannot serve as a ligand. BH₃ does not have a lone pair of electrons available for donation. In BH₃, the boron atom is electron-deficient and forms three covalent bonds with hydrogen, leaving no lone pairs to donate to a metal ion.
Concetti chiave
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Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds
Werner's theory distinguishes between primary and secondary valences in coordination compounds. Primary valence corresponds to the oxidation state of the central metal ion, while secondary valence refers to the number of ligands attached to the metal. This framework helps in understanding the bonding and structure of complex ions.
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01:32
Coordination Compound Naming
Ligands and Coordination Chemistry
Ligands are molecules or ions that can donate a pair of electrons to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The ability of a substance to act as a ligand depends on its electron-donating capacity and steric factors. For example, NH₃ can donate a lone pair of electrons, while BH₃, being electron-deficient, cannot act as a ligand.
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01:12Ligands Example
Oxidation Number
The oxidation number is a concept used to indicate the degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound. It reflects the number of electrons an atom can gain, lose, or share when forming chemical bonds. In coordination chemistry, the oxidation number of the central metal ion is crucial for determining its reactivity and the overall charge of the complex.
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02:42Oxidation Numbers