Domanda del libro di testo
(a) Which will have the highest concentration of potassium ions: 0.20 M KCl, 0.15 M K2CrO4, or 0.080 M K3PO4?
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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 4, Problema 67
(a) How many grams of ethanol, CH3CH2OH, should you dissolve in water to make 1.00 L of vodka (which is an aqueous solution that is 6.86 M ethanol)? (b) Using the density of ethanol (0.789 g/mL), calculate the volume of ethanol you need to make 1.00 L of vodka.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
(a) To find the grams of ethanol needed, start by using the molarity formula: \( M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}} \). Here, \( M = 6.86 \) M and the volume of the solution is 1.00 L.
(a) Calculate the moles of ethanol required: \( \text{moles of ethanol} = M \times \text{volume of solution} = 6.86 \times 1.00 \).
(a) Use the molar mass of ethanol (\( C_2H_5OH \)) to convert moles to grams. The molar mass is calculated as: \( 2(12.01) + 6(1.01) + 16.00 = 46.08 \text{ g/mol} \).
(a) Multiply the moles of ethanol by the molar mass to find the mass in grams: \( \text{mass} = \text{moles} \times 46.08 \text{ g/mol} \).
(b) To find the volume of ethanol needed, use the density formula: \( \text{density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}} \). Rearrange to find volume: \( \text{volume} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{density}} \). Use the mass from part (a) and the given density of ethanol, 0.789 g/mL.
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Molarity (M)
Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In this question, the molarity of ethanol in vodka is given as 6.86 M, indicating that there are 6.86 moles of ethanol in every liter of the solution. Understanding molarity is essential for calculating the amount of solute needed to achieve a desired concentration.
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Percorso guidato
00:53
Molarity Concept
Mass and Molar Mass
To convert moles of a substance to grams, one must use the molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of that substance expressed in grams per mole. For ethanol (C2H5OH), the molar mass is approximately 46.07 g/mol. This concept is crucial for determining how many grams of ethanol are required to achieve the specified molarity in the solution.
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Percorso guidato
02:11Molar Mass Concept
Density
Density is defined as mass per unit volume and is typically expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL) for liquids. The density of ethanol is given as 0.789 g/mL, which allows for the conversion of mass to volume. This concept is important for calculating the volume of ethanol needed to achieve the desired mass for the vodka solution.
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Percorso guidato
01:56Density Concepts
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Domanda del libro di testo
A person suffering from hyponatremia has a sodium ion concentration in the blood of 0.118 M and a total blood volume of 4.6 L. What mass of sodium chloride would need to be added to the blood to bring the sodium ion concentration up to 0.138 M, assuming no change in blood volume?
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Domanda del libro di testo
(b) Which will contain the greater number of moles of potassium ion: 30.0 mL of 0.15 M K2CrO4 or 25.0 mL of 0.080 M K3PO4
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