Domanda del libro di testo
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy each of the following subshells? a. 3p, b. 5d, c. 2s, d. 4f.
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Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 6, Problema 69c
Two possible electron configurations for an Li atom are shown here. (c) In the absence of an external magnetic field, can we say that one electron configuration has a lower energy than the other? If so, which one has the lowest energy?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the electron configurations given for the Li atom. Typically, the ground state electron configuration for Lithium (Li) is 1s^2 2s^1.
Understand that the energy of an electron configuration depends on the shells and subshells in which electrons are located. Electrons in lower shells (closer to the nucleus) generally have lower energy.
Consider the Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund's Rule to determine if the given configurations are in their lowest possible energy states. The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers, and Hund's Rule states that electrons must occupy every orbital singly before any orbital is doubly occupied.
Analyze if the electrons are placed in the lowest available energy states according to the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels.
Determine which configuration has electrons in the lowest energy states and thus represents the lowest energy configuration for the Li atom in the absence of an external magnetic field.
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Electron Configuration
Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. For lithium (Li), which has three electrons, the configurations can vary based on how these electrons occupy the available energy levels. Understanding the specific arrangement of electrons is crucial for determining the atom's energy state.
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01:33
Electron Configuration Example
Energy Levels and Stability
Electrons occupy specific energy levels, with lower levels being more stable. When electrons fill orbitals, they tend to occupy the lowest available energy states first, following the Aufbau principle. A configuration that minimizes energy is generally more stable, which is essential for comparing the energy of different configurations.
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03:22Energy Diagrams and Stability
Pauli Exclusion Principle
The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. This principle influences how electrons are arranged in orbitals, affecting the overall energy of the atom. Configurations that adhere to this principle while minimizing energy will be more stable and thus lower in energy.
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02:05Uncertainty Principle Formula
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(a) For an He+ ion, do the 2s and 2p orbitals have the same energy? If not, which orbital has a lower energy?
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(b) If we add one electron to form the He atom, would your answer to part (a) change?
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An experiment called the Stern–Gerlach experiment helped establish the existence of electron spin. In this experiment, a beam of silver atoms is passed through a magnetic field, which deflects half of the silver atoms in one direction and half in the opposite direction. The separation between the two beams increases as the strength of the magnetic field increases. (c) Would this experiment work for a beam of fluorine (F) atoms?
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(a) The average distance from the nucleus of a 3s electron in a chlorine atom is smaller than that for a 3p electron. In light of this fact, which orbital is higher in energy?
1123
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Domanda del libro di testo
An experiment called the Stern–Gerlach experiment helped establish the existence of electron spin. In this experiment, a beam of silver atoms is passed through a magnetic field, which deflects half of the silver atoms in one direction and half in the opposite direction. The separation between the two beams increases as the strength of the magnetic field increases. (a) What is the electron configuration for a silver atom?
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