Domanda del libro di testo
Predict the ordering, from shortest to longest, of the bond lengths in CO, CO2, and CO32- .
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Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 8, Problema 61b
b. Which of these compounds or ions is an exception to the octet rule: nitrogen dioxide, borohydride (BH4−), borazine (B3N3H6 which is analogous to benzene with alternating B and N in the ring), or boron trichloride?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to form compounds in ways that give them eight valence electrons, resembling the electron configuration of a noble gas.
Examine each compound or ion to determine if it follows the octet rule.
Consider nitrogen dioxide (NO2): Nitrogen can have an odd number of electrons, making it a radical and an exception to the octet rule.
Analyze borohydride (BH4−): Boron typically forms compounds with fewer than eight electrons, but in BH4−, boron achieves an octet by forming four bonds with hydrogen.
Evaluate borazine (B3N3H6) and boron trichloride (BCl3): Boron in BCl3 does not achieve an octet, as it only has six valence electrons, making it an exception to the octet rule.
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Octet Rule
The octet rule is a chemical guideline that states atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. This rule primarily applies to main group elements and helps predict the bonding behavior of atoms in molecules.
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01:36
Octet Rule
Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Certain compounds and ions do not follow the octet rule, which can occur in cases of elements with fewer than eight valence electrons, such as boron and aluminum, or in molecules with an odd number of electrons. These exceptions are important for understanding the behavior of certain compounds, particularly those involving transition metals or elements from the third period and beyond.
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01:36Octet Rule
Molecular Geometry and Hybridization
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which is influenced by the number of bonding and lone pairs of electrons. Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate the bonding requirements of the molecule, affecting its shape and reactivity, particularly in compounds that do not adhere to the octet rule.
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03:06Hybridization and Electron Geometry
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Consider a Lewis structure for SO3 that satisfies the octet rule. Which of the following statements is or are true?
i. SO3 has three equivalent resonance structures.
ii. There are one shorter and two longer S—O bond lengths in SO3.
iii. The S atom in SO3 has a nonzero formal charge.
Domanda del libro di testo
Which of the following statements about benzene, C6H6, is or are true?
i. Benzene has two equivalent resonance structures.
ii. There are no nonbonding pairs in the Lewis structure for benzene.
iii. Benzene has three short and three long C—C bonds.
Domanda del libro di testo
Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following molecules or ions. Identify instances where the octet rule is not obeyed; state which atom in each compound does not follow the octet rule; and state how many electrons surround these atoms: a. NO, b. BF3, c. ICl2−, d. OPBr3 (the P is the central atom), e. XeF4.
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