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Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & MeasurementProblema 148
Capitolo 1, Problema 148

The Rankine temperature scale used in engineering is to the Fahrenheit scale as the Kelvin scale is to the Celsius scale. That is, 1 Rankine degree is the same size as 1 Fahrenheit degree, and 0 °R = absolute zero. (a) What temperature corresponds to the freezing point of water on the Rankine scale?
Formula showing the conversion from Celsius to Rankine temperature scale.

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1
Identify the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit, which is 32°F.
Understand that the Rankine scale is to Fahrenheit as Kelvin is to Celsius, meaning 0°R is absolute zero.
Use the relationship between Fahrenheit and Rankine: °R = °F + 459.67.
Substitute the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit into the equation: °R = 32 + 459.67.
Simplify the equation to find the temperature in Rankine at the freezing point of water.

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Rankine Temperature Scale

The Rankine scale is an absolute temperature scale used primarily in engineering. It is similar to the Kelvin scale but uses Fahrenheit degrees instead of Celsius. On this scale, absolute zero is defined as 0 °R, and the size of one Rankine degree is equivalent to one Fahrenheit degree.
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The pH Scale

Freezing Point of Water

The freezing point of water is the temperature at which water transitions from liquid to solid, typically defined as 0 °C or 32 °F. In the Rankine scale, this temperature must be converted from Celsius or Fahrenheit to find its equivalent, which is essential for solving the problem presented.
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Freezing Point Example

Temperature Conversion

Temperature conversion involves changing a temperature value from one scale to another, such as Celsius to Rankine. The formula provided in the image indicates a specific conversion factor, which is crucial for accurately determining the freezing point of water in the Rankine scale. Understanding these conversions is fundamental in thermodynamics and engineering applications.
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Temperature Conversion Example
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The element gallium (Ga) has the second-largest liquid range of any element, melting at 29.78 °C and boiling at 2204 °C at atmospheric pressure. (a) What is the density of gallium in g/cm3 at 25 °C if a 1 in. cube has a mass of 0.2133 lb?

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An 8.894 g block of aluminum was pressed into a thin square of foil with 36.5 cm edge lengths. (a) If the density of Al is 2.699 g>cm3, how thick is the foil in centimeters?
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The element gallium (Ga) has the second-largest liquid range of any element, melting at 29.78 °C and boiling at 2204 °C at atmospheric pressure. (b) Assume that you construct a thermometer using gallium as the fluid instead of mercury and that you define the melting point of gallium as 0 °G and the boiling point of gallium as 1000 °G. What is the melting point of sodium chloride (801 °C) on the gallium scale?

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