Domanda del libro di testo
When 9.12 g of HCl was dissolved in 190 g of water, the freezing point of the solution was - 4.65 °C. What is the value of the van't Hoff factor for HCl?
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Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Capitolo 13, Problema 102
What is the vapor pressure in mm Hg of the following solu-tions, each of which contains a nonvolatile solute? The vapor pressure of water at 45.0 °C is 71.93 mm Hg. (b) A solution of 10.0 g of LiCl in 150.0 g of water at 45.0 °C, assuming complete dissociation
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Calculate the moles of LiCl using its molar mass.
Determine the moles of water using its molar mass.
Assuming complete dissociation, calculate the total moles of ions produced by LiCl.
Use Raoult's Law to find the vapor pressure of the solution: \( P_{solution} = \chi_{solvent} \times P^0_{solvent} \), where \( \chi_{solvent} \) is the mole fraction of the solvent.
Calculate the mole fraction of water (solvent) by dividing the moles of water by the total moles of particles in the solution (moles of water + moles of ions from LiCl).
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Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature. It reflects the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid phase into the vapor phase. In solutions, the presence of a solute lowers the vapor pressure compared to that of the pure solvent, a phenomenon described by Raoult's Law.
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02:40
Raoult's Law and Vapor Pressure
Raoult's Law
Raoult's Law states that the vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent. For a solution containing a nonvolatile solute, the vapor pressure can be calculated by multiplying the vapor pressure of the pure solvent by the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution. This law is essential for understanding how solutes affect the vapor pressure of solvents.
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02:40Raoult's Law and Vapor Pressure
Colligative Properties
Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in a given amount of solvent, rather than the identity of the solute. These properties include vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. Understanding colligative properties is crucial for calculating changes in vapor pressure when a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent.
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01:26Colligative Properties