Domanda del libro di testo
Consider a galvanic cell that uses the reaction Calculate the potential at 25 °C for a cell that has the following ion concentrations: [Ag+] = 0.010M, [Ni2+] = 0.100M.
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Ch.19 - Electrochemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Capitolo 19, Problema 91
Calculate E° for each of the following reactions, and tell which are spontaneous under standard-state conditions.
(a)
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Standard Electrode Potential (E°)
Standard electrode potential (E°) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to be reduced, measured under standard conditions (1 M concentration, 1 atm pressure, and 25°C). It is expressed in volts and is crucial for predicting the direction of redox reactions. A positive E° indicates a spontaneous reaction, while a negative E° suggests non-spontaneity.
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01:27
Standard Cell Potential
Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)
Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is a thermodynamic potential that indicates the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature and pressure. The relationship between E° and ΔG is given by the equation ΔG = -nFE°, where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred and F is Faraday's constant. A negative ΔG corresponds to a spontaneous reaction.
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01:51Gibbs Free Energy of Reactions
Nernst Equation
The Nernst equation relates the cell potential (E) of an electrochemical reaction to the standard electrode potential (E°) and the concentrations of the reactants and products. It is expressed as E = E° - (RT/nF)ln(Q), where Q is the reaction quotient. This equation allows for the calculation of E under non-standard conditions and helps determine the spontaneity of reactions based on concentration changes.
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01:17The Nernst Equation
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