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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.2 - Atoms, Molecules & IonsProblema 46
Capitolo 2, Problema 46

How many elements are presently known? About how many occur naturally?

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Identify the total number of elements that are currently recognized in the periodic table.
Distinguish between naturally occurring elements and those that are synthesized or man-made.
Research or refer to reliable scientific sources or the periodic table for the most up-to-date count of total elements.
Find the number of elements that occur naturally on Earth, excluding those that have been artificially created in laboratories.
Summarize the information to understand the scope of known elements and their natural occurrence.

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Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table of Elements is a tabular arrangement of all known chemical elements, organized by increasing atomic number. It provides essential information about each element, including its symbol, atomic mass, and group properties. As of now, there are 118 confirmed elements, with the first 92 occurring naturally on Earth.
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Periodic Table History

Natural vs. Synthetic Elements

Natural elements are those that occur in nature without human intervention, while synthetic elements are artificially created in laboratories. Of the 118 known elements, 80 are considered naturally occurring, including essential elements like carbon, oxygen, and gold. The remaining elements are typically unstable and have been produced through nuclear reactions.
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Nature of Energy

Stability and Radioactivity

Stability refers to an element's ability to exist without undergoing radioactive decay. Naturally occurring elements tend to be stable, while many synthetic elements are radioactive and decay quickly. Understanding the stability of elements is crucial for distinguishing between those that can be found in nature and those that are man-made.
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Types of Radioactivity
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Look at the alphabetical list of elements inside the front cover. What are the symbols for the following elements? (a) Gadolinium (used in color TV screens) (b) Germanium (used in semiconductors) (c) Technetium (used in biomedical imaging) (d) Arsenic (used in pesticides)
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Give molecular formulas corresponding to each of the following ball-and-stick molecular representations (red = O, gray = C, blue = N, ivory = H). In writing the formula, list the elements in alphabetical order. (c) Acetic acid (vinegar)

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Give molecular formulas corresponding to each of the following ball-and-stick molecular representations (red = O, gray = C, blue = N, ivory = H). In writing the formula, list the elements in alphabetical order. (b) Ethylene glycol (automobile antifreeze)

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What are the molecular weights of the following pharmaceuticals? (a) C33H35FN2O5 (atorvastatin, lowers blood cholesterol)

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Give molecular formulas corresponding to each of the following ball-and-stick molecular representations (red = O, gray = C, blue = N, ivory = H). In writing the formula, list the elements in alphabetical order. (a) Alanine (an amino acid)

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