Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Capitolo 23, Problema 127
What are the names of the sugars in DNA and RNA, and how do they differ?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand that DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which are polymers made up of nucleotide monomers. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Step 2: Identify the sugar present in DNA. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which is a five-carbon sugar (pentose) with the chemical formula C5H10O4.
Step 3: Identify the sugar present in RNA. The sugar in RNA is ribose, which is also a five-carbon sugar (pentose) but with the chemical formula C5H10O5.
Step 4: Compare the structures of deoxyribose and ribose. The key difference is that deoxyribose lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon, hence the name 'deoxy' (meaning 'without oxygen').
Step 5: Summarize the difference: DNA contains deoxyribose, which has one less oxygen atom than ribose, the sugar found in RNA. This structural difference is crucial for the distinct functions and properties of DNA and RNA.
Concetti chiave
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Nucleotides
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sugar component is crucial as it determines whether the nucleotide is part of DNA or RNA, influencing the structure and function of the nucleic acid.
Deoxyribose vs. Ribose
The primary difference between DNA and RNA sugars lies in their structure. DNA contains deoxyribose, which lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose, the sugar found in RNA. This structural difference contributes to the stability of DNA and the reactivity of RNA, affecting their roles in genetic information storage and protein synthesis.
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03:05
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Function of Sugars in Nucleic Acids
The sugars in DNA and RNA play a vital role in the overall structure and function of these molecules. In DNA, deoxyribose contributes to the double helix structure, providing stability for long-term genetic storage. In RNA, ribose allows for more flexibility and reactivity, which is essential for its role in protein synthesis and various cellular functions.
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Percorso guidato
01:00Functional Groups Example
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