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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.4 - Reactions in Aqueous SolutionProblema 143
Capitolo 4, Problema 143

A sample of metal (M) reacted with both steam and aqueous HCl to release H2 but did not react with water at room tem-perature. When 1.000 g of the metal was burned in oxygen, it formed 1.890 g of a metal oxide, M2O3. What is the iden-tity of the metal?

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1
Determine the molar mass of the metal oxide, M2O3, using the given mass of the metal and the mass of the metal oxide formed.
Calculate the mass of oxygen in the metal oxide by subtracting the mass of the metal from the mass of the metal oxide.
Use the molar mass of oxygen to find the number of moles of oxygen in the metal oxide.
Since the formula of the metal oxide is M2O3, use the mole ratio to find the number of moles of the metal in the oxide.
Calculate the molar mass of the metal by dividing the mass of the metal by the number of moles of the metal, and compare it to known molar masses to identify the metal.

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Reactivity of Metals

The reactivity of metals varies significantly, with some metals reacting readily with water, steam, or acids, while others do not. In this case, the metal (M) reacts with steam and hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas (H2), indicating it is a reactive metal, but it does not react with water at room temperature, suggesting it is less reactive than alkali or alkaline earth metals.
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Stoichiometry and Molar Mass

Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions. The formation of the metal oxide M2O3 from the metal (M) allows us to determine the molar mass of the metal by using the mass of the metal burned (1.000 g) and the mass of the resulting oxide (1.890 g) to find the ratio of metal to oxygen in the compound.
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Oxidation States and Metal Oxides

Metal oxides are compounds formed when metals react with oxygen, and the oxidation state of the metal in the oxide can provide clues to its identity. In M2O3, the metal (M) has an oxidation state of +3, which is characteristic of certain metals, helping to narrow down the possible identity of the metal based on its known oxidation states.
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Oxide Reactions
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