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Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoMcMurry 8th EditionCh.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of AtomsProblema 101
Capitolo 5, Problema 101

Order the orbitals for a multielectron atom in each of the following lists according to increasing energy. (a) 4d, 3p, 2p, 5s (b) 2s, 4s, 3d, 4p (c) 6s, 5p, 3d, 4p

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Step 1: Understand the order of filling orbitals using the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level to the highest. The order is determined by the n+l rule, where n is the principal quantum number and l is the azimuthal quantum number.
Step 2: For each list, calculate the n+l value for each orbital. The orbital with the lowest n+l value is filled first. If two orbitals have the same n+l value, the one with the lower n value is filled first.
Step 3: For list (a) - Calculate n+l for each orbital: 4d (n=4, l=2, n+l=6), 3p (n=3, l=1, n+l=4), 2p (n=2, l=1, n+l=3), 5s (n=5, l=0, n+l=5). Order them by increasing n+l value.
Step 4: For list (b) - Calculate n+l for each orbital: 2s (n=2, l=0, n+l=2), 4s (n=4, l=0, n+l=4), 3d (n=3, l=2, n+l=5), 4p (n=4, l=1, n+l=5). Order them by increasing n+l value, considering n if n+l is the same.
Step 5: For list (c) - Calculate n+l for each orbital: 6s (n=6, l=0, n+l=6), 5p (n=5, l=1, n+l=6), 3d (n=3, l=2, n+l=5), 4p (n=4, l=1, n+l=5). Order them by increasing n+l value, considering n if n+l is the same.

Concetti chiave

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Aufbau Principle

The Aufbau Principle states that electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first before filling higher energy levels. This principle is fundamental in determining the electron configuration of atoms, as it guides the order in which orbitals are filled based on their energy levels.
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Uncertainty Principle Formula

Energy Levels and Sublevels

In multielectron atoms, energy levels are divided into sublevels (s, p, d, f) that have different energy states. The energy of these sublevels is influenced by both the principal quantum number (n) and the type of sublevel, with d and f sublevels generally being higher in energy than s and p sublevels at the same principal quantum number.
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Nature of Energy

Hund's Rule

Hund's Rule states that electrons will fill degenerate orbitals (orbitals of the same energy) singly before pairing up. This rule is important for understanding the distribution of electrons in orbitals and helps predict the stability and energy of electron configurations in multielectron atoms.
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Solubility Rules
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Domanda del libro di testo
Why does the number of elements in successive periods of the periodic table increase by the progression 2, 8, 18, 32?
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Domanda del libro di testo
According to the aufbau principle, which orbital is filled immediately after each of the following in a multielectron atom? (a) 4s (b) 3d (c) 5f (d) 5p
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Which two of the four quantum numbers determine the energy level of an orbital in a multielectron atom?
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