Write balanced equations for the formation of the following compounds from their elements. (b) Sucrose (table sugar, C12H22O11)

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Identify the elements involved in forming sucrose, which are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).

Write the basic unbalanced equation using the molecular formula of sucrose: \( C + H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} \).

Balance the carbon atoms first. Since there are 12 carbon atoms in sucrose, you need 12 carbon atoms on the reactant side: \( 12C + H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} \).

Next, balance the hydrogen atoms. There are 22 hydrogen atoms in sucrose, so you need 11 molecules of hydrogen gas (since each molecule of hydrogen gas, H2, contains 2 hydrogen atoms): \( 12C + 11H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} \).

Finally, balance the oxygen atoms. There are 11 oxygen atoms in sucrose, and since each molecule of oxygen gas (O2) contains 2 oxygen atoms, you need 11/2 molecules of oxygen gas. However, to keep the equation with whole numbers, multiply all coefficients by 2: \( 24C + 22H_2 + 11O_2 \rightarrow 2C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} \).

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A formation reaction is a specific type of chemical reaction where a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states. For example, the formation of sucrose from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen involves combining these elements in a specific ratio to create the compound. Understanding formation reactions is essential for writing accurate balanced equations for compound synthesis.

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