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Ch.16 - Acids and Bases
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoTro 4th EditionCh.16 - Acids and BasesProblema 53
Capitolo 16, Problema 53

Like all equilibrium constants, the value of Kw depends on temperature. At body temperature (37 °C), Kw = 2.4×10–14. What are the [H3O+] and pH of pure water at body temperature?

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1
Identify the given values: Kw (the ion-product constant of water) at 37 °C is 2.4 * 10^-14.
Recall that for pure water, the concentrations of hydrogen ions [H3O+] and hydroxide ions [OH-] are equal. Therefore, [H3O+] = [OH-].
Set up the equation for Kw at equilibrium: Kw = [H3O+][OH-]. Since [H3O+] = [OH-], this can be rewritten as Kw = [H3O+]^2.
Solve for [H3O+] by taking the square root of Kw: [H3O+] = sqrt(Kw).
Calculate the pH of the solution using the formula pH = -log([H3O+]).

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Ion Product of Water (Kw)

Kw, the ion product of water, is the equilibrium constant for the self-ionization of water, represented as Kw = [H3O+][OH-]. Its value changes with temperature; at 25 °C, Kw is 1.0 x 10^-14, but at 37 °C, it increases to 2.4 x 10^-14. This indicates that the concentrations of hydronium ions [H3O+] and hydroxide ions [OH-] in pure water are equal at any temperature.
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Production of Hydrogen Example

Hydronium Ion Concentration

In pure water, the concentration of hydronium ions [H3O+] is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH-]. At 37 °C, since Kw = 2.4 x 10^-14, we can find [H3O+] by taking the square root of Kw, leading to [H3O+] = [OH-] = √(2.4 x 10^-14). This concentration is crucial for determining the pH of the solution.
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Hydronium Ion Concentration Example

pH Scale

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, defined as pH = -log[H3O+]. A pH of 7 indicates neutrality, while values below 7 indicate acidity and above 7 indicate basicity. At body temperature, the calculated [H3O+] will yield a pH value that reflects the neutral nature of pure water at that temperature.
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The pH Scale
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Calculate the pH of each acid solution. Explain how the resulting pH values demonstrate that the pH of an acid solution should carry as many digits to the right of the decimal place as the number of significant figures in the concentration of the solution. [H3O+] = 0.044 M [H3O+] = 0.045 M [H3O+] = 0.046 M

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