People often take milk of magnesia to reduce the discomfort associated with acid stomach or heartburn. The recommended dose is 1 teaspoon, which contains 4.00×10² mg of Mg(OH)₂. What volume of an HCl solution with a pH of 1.3 can be neutralized by one dose of milk of magnesia? If the stomach contains 2.00×10² mL of pH 1.3 solution, is all the acid neutralized? If not, what fraction is neutralized?

The binding of oxygen by hemoglobin in the blood involves the equilibrium reaction: HbH⁺(aq) + O₂(aq) ⇌ HbO₂(aq) + H⁺(aq) In this equation, Hb is hemoglobin. The pH of normal human blood is highly controlled within a range of 7.35 to 7.45. Given the above equilibrium, why is this important? What would happen to the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin if blood became too acidic (a dangerous condition known as acidosis)?

Based on these molecular views, determine whether each pictured acid is weak or strong.

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water according to the equations:

CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₂CO₃(aq)

H₂CO₃(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ HCO₃^–(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased about 20% over the last century. Given that Earth's oceans are exposed to atmospheric carbon dioxide, what effect might the increased CO₂ be having on the pH of the world's oceans? What effect might this change be having on the limestone structures (primarily CaCO₃) of coral reefs and marine shells?

Lakes that have been acidified by acid rain can be neutralized by liming, the addition of limestone (CaCO₃). How much limestone (in kg) is required to completely neutralize a 4.3 billion liter lake with a pH of 5.5?