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Ch.3 - Molecules, Compounds & Chemical Equations
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoTro 4th EditionCh.3 - Molecules, Compounds & Chemical EquationsProblema 54
Capitolo 3, Problema 54

Write the formula for each acid. a. phosphoric acid b. hydrocyanic acid c. chlorous acid

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1
Identify the root name of the acid to determine the anion it is derived from.
For phosphoric acid, recognize that it is derived from the phosphate ion \( \text{PO}_4^{3-} \). The formula for phosphoric acid is \( \text{H}_3\text{PO}_4 \).
For hydrocyanic acid, recognize that it is derived from the cyanide ion \( \text{CN}^- \). The formula for hydrocyanic acid is \( \text{HCN} \).
For chlorous acid, recognize that it is derived from the chlorite ion \( \text{ClO}_2^- \). The formula for chlorous acid is \( \text{HClO}_2 \).
Ensure that the formulas are balanced in terms of charge, with the appropriate number of hydrogen ions to neutralize the charge of the anion.

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Acid Formulas

Acids are substances that can donate protons (H+) in a solution. The formula of an acid typically starts with hydrogen (H) followed by the anion. Understanding the structure of the acid helps in writing its correct chemical formula, which reflects the number of hydrogen ions and the corresponding anion.
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Determining Molecular Formulas

Nomenclature of Acids

The nomenclature of acids is based on the anion present in the compound. For example, acids derived from anions ending in '-ate' typically end in '-ic' (e.g., phosphoric acid from phosphate), while those from anions ending in '-ite' end in '-ous' (e.g., chlorous acid from chlorite). This systematic naming helps in identifying the acid's composition.
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Binary Acids

Common Acids and Their Formulas

Familiarity with common acids and their chemical formulas is essential in chemistry. For instance, phosphoric acid is H3PO4, hydrocyanic acid is HCN, and chlorous acid is HClO2. Recognizing these formulas allows for better understanding and communication of chemical reactions involving these acids.
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Common Ion Effect in Acids and Bases
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