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Ch.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoTro 4th EditionCh.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous ReactionsProblema 104
Capitolo 4, Problema 104

Toilet bowl cleaners often contain hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the calcium carbonate deposits that accumulate within a toilet bowl. What mass of calcium carbonate (in grams) can be dissolved by 3.8 g of HCl? (Hint: Begin by writing a balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate.)

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Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: \( \text{CaCO}_3 (s) + 2\text{HCl} (aq) \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2 (aq) + \text{CO}_2 (g) + \text{H}_2\text{O} (l) \).
Calculate the molar mass of HCl and CaCO₃ using the periodic table.
Determine the number of moles of HCl present in 3.8 g by using the formula: \( \text{moles of HCl} = \frac{\text{mass of HCl}}{\text{molar mass of HCl}} \).
Use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to find the moles of CaCO₃ that react with the calculated moles of HCl. Note that 2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of CaCO₃.
Convert the moles of CaCO₃ to grams using its molar mass: \( \text{mass of CaCO}_3 = \text{moles of CaCO}_3 \times \text{molar mass of CaCO}_3 \).

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Balanced Chemical Equation

A balanced chemical equation represents a chemical reaction with equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides of the equation. For the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the balanced equation is: 2 HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2. This equation is essential for determining the stoichiometric relationships between reactants and products.
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Balancing Chemical Equations

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced equation. It allows us to determine how much of one substance is needed to react with a given amount of another. In this case, stoichiometry will help us find the mass of calcium carbonate that can be dissolved by a specific mass of hydrochloric acid.
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Stoichiometry Concept

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is crucial for converting between grams and moles in stoichiometric calculations. For example, the molar mass of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is approximately 100.09 g/mol, which will be used to calculate how many grams can be dissolved by the available hydrochloric acid.
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Molar Mass Concept
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