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Ch.5 - Gases
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoTro 4th EditionCh.5 - GasesProblema 102
Capitolo 5, Problema 102

Consider the reaction: 2 Ag2O(s) → 4 Ag(s) + O2(g) If this reaction produces 15.8 g of Ag(s), what total volume of gas can be collected over water at a temperature of 25 °C and a total pressure of 752 mmHg?

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1
Identify the balanced chemical equation: \(2 \text{Ag}_2\text{O}(s) \rightarrow 4 \text{Ag}(s) + \text{O}_2(g)\).
Calculate the moles of Ag produced using its molar mass: \(\text{moles of Ag} = \frac{15.8 \text{ g}}{\text{molar mass of Ag}}\).
Use stoichiometry to find the moles of \(\text{O}_2\) produced: \(\text{moles of O}_2 = \frac{1}{4} \times \text{moles of Ag}\).
Use the ideal gas law to find the volume of \(\text{O}_2\) at the given conditions: \(PV = nRT\), where \(P\) is the pressure of \(\text{O}_2\) (corrected for water vapor), \(V\) is the volume, \(n\) is the moles of \(\text{O}_2\), \(R\) is the ideal gas constant, and \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin.
Adjust the total pressure to account for water vapor pressure at 25 °C, then solve for the volume of \(\text{O}_2\).

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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced equation. It allows us to determine the amount of substances consumed and produced in a reaction. In this case, knowing the amount of silver produced helps us find the moles of oxygen gas generated, which is essential for further calculations.
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Stoichiometry Concept

Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas through the equation PV = nRT. This law is crucial for calculating the volume of gas produced in the reaction. By rearranging the equation, we can solve for volume when we know the number of moles of gas and the conditions of temperature and pressure.
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Ideal Gas Law Formula

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

Dalton's Law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas. When collecting gas over water, the vapor pressure of water must be considered. This means that the pressure of the gas collected must be adjusted by subtracting the vapor pressure of water at the given temperature to find the pressure of the dry gas.
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Dalton's Law and Partial Pressure
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A gaseous hydrogen- and carbon-containing compound is decomposed and found to contain 85.63% C and 14.37% H by mass. The mass of 258 mL of the gas, measured at STP, was 0.646 g. What is the molecular formula of the compound?

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Consider the reaction:

2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g)

a. If 285.5 mL of SO2 reacts with 158.9 mL of O2 (both measured at 315 K and 50.0 mmHg), what is the limiting reactant and the theoretical yield of SO3?

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Consider the reaction:

2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g)

b. If 187.2 mL of SO3 is collected (measured at 315 K and 50.0 mmHg), what is the percent yield for the reaction?

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A gaseous hydrogen- and carbon-containing compound is decomposed and found to contain 82.66% carbon and 17.34% hydrogen by mass. The mass of 158 mL of the gas, measured at 556 mmHg and 25 °C, was 0.275 g. What is the molecular formula of the compound?

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