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Ch.8 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoTro 4th EditionCh.8 - Periodic Properties of the ElementsProblema 78
Capitolo 8, Problema 78

Consider this set of ionization energies. IE1 = 578 kJ/mol IE2 = 1820 kJ/mol IE3 = 2750 kJ/mol IE4 = 11,600 kJ/mol To which third-period element do these ionization values belong?

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1
Identify the pattern in the ionization energies: Notice the large jump between IE3 and IE4.
Recall that a large increase in ionization energy typically indicates the removal of an electron from a new, inner shell.
Determine the number of valence electrons: The large jump after IE3 suggests that the element has 3 valence electrons.
Identify the third-period element with 3 valence electrons: In the periodic table, elements in the third period with 3 valence electrons are in Group 13.
Conclude the element: The third-period element in Group 13 is Aluminum (Al).

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Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state. It is a key indicator of an element's reactivity and can vary significantly among different elements. Generally, ionization energy increases across a period in the periodic table due to increasing nuclear charge, which holds electrons more tightly.
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Ionization Energy

Trends in Ionization Energies

Ionization energies exhibit specific trends in the periodic table. As you move from left to right across a period, ionization energy tends to increase due to the greater effective nuclear charge experienced by the outer electrons. Conversely, as you move down a group, ionization energy decreases because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and experience more shielding from inner electrons.
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Ionization Energy Trends

Identification of Elements

To identify an element based on its ionization energies, one can compare the given values to known ionization energies of elements in the same period. The significant jump in ionization energy values, particularly between IE3 and IE4, suggests that the element has a stable electron configuration after losing three electrons, indicating it is likely a non-metal in the third period, such as phosphorus or sulfur.
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Chalcogen Identification Example
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