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Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 5th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoTro 5th EditionCh.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis ModelProblema 79a
Capitolo 10, Problema 79a

Order these compounds in order of increasing carbon–carbon bond strength: HCCH, H2CCH2, H3CCH3.

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Identify the types of carbon-carbon bonds in each compound: HCCH has a triple bond, H_2CCH_2 has a double bond, and H_3CCH_3 has a single bond.
Recall that bond strength generally increases with the number of shared electron pairs: single bonds are weaker than double bonds, which are weaker than triple bonds.
Order the compounds based on the bond types: single bond (H_3CCH_3), double bond (H_2CCH_2), and triple bond (HCCH).
Conclude that the order of increasing carbon-carbon bond strength is: H_3CCH_3, H_2CCH_2, HCCH.
Review the concept that bond strength is related to bond order, with higher bond orders indicating stronger bonds.

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Carbon-Carbon Bond Types

Carbon-carbon bonds can be classified into three types: single (sigma), double (one sigma and one pi), and triple bonds (one sigma and two pi). The strength of these bonds increases with the number of shared electron pairs; thus, triple bonds are stronger than double bonds, which are stronger than single bonds.
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Bonding Types

Hybridization

Hybridization refers to the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can form bonds. In the context of carbon, sp hybridization (as in HCCH) leads to stronger bonds due to the linear arrangement and greater s-character, while sp² (as in H2CCH2) and sp³ (as in H3CCH3) have different bond strengths due to their respective geometries and electron distributions.
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Hybridization

Steric Effects

Steric effects arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule, influencing bond strength and stability. In larger alkyl groups, such as in H3CCH3, increased steric hindrance can weaken the carbon-carbon bond compared to less hindered structures like HCCH, where the linear arrangement allows for closer approach of the bonding orbitals.
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Photoelectric Effect
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