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Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 5th Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoTro 5th EditionCh.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO TheoryProblema 41
Capitolo 11, Problema 41

Determine the molecular geometry about each interior atom and draw each molecule. (Skeletal structure is indicated in parentheses.)
a. C2H2 (skeletal structure HCCH)
b. C2H4 (skeletal structure H2CCH2)
c. C2H6 (skeletal structure H3CCH3)

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1
Identify the type of hybridization for each interior carbon atom in the molecule.
For C2H2 (HCCH), recognize that each carbon is sp hybridized, leading to a linear geometry around each carbon atom.
For C2H4 (H2CCH2), recognize that each carbon is sp2 hybridized, leading to a trigonal planar geometry around each carbon atom.
For C2H6 (H3CCH3), recognize that each carbon is sp3 hybridized, leading to a tetrahedral geometry around each carbon atom.
Draw the molecular structure for each molecule, ensuring to represent the correct geometry around each carbon atom based on the hybridization identified.

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VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. According to VSEPR, electron pairs will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes such as linear, trigonal planar, or tetrahedral.
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Molecular Shapes and VSEPR

Hybridization

Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate the bonding requirements of a molecule. For example, in ethyne (C2H2), the carbon atoms undergo sp hybridization, resulting in a linear geometry, while in ethylene (C2H4), sp2 hybridization leads to a trigonal planar arrangement around each carbon atom.
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Hybridization

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom. Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting the physical and chemical properties of substances, including reactivity and polarity.
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Molecular Geometry with Two Electron Groups
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