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Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 5th Edition
Tro5th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134874371Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 2, Problema 35

Two different compounds containing osmium and oxygen have the following masses of oxygen per gram of osmium: 0.168 and 0.3369 g. Show that these amounts are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

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Identify the two compounds as Compound A and Compound B, where Compound A has 0.168 g of oxygen per gram of osmium and Compound B has 0.3369 g of oxygen per gram of osmium.
According to the law of multiple proportions, if two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
Calculate the ratio of the masses of oxygen in the two compounds by dividing the mass of oxygen in Compound B by the mass of oxygen in Compound A: \( \frac{0.3369}{0.168} \).
Simplify the ratio obtained in the previous step to see if it can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers.
Conclude that if the ratio is a small whole number, the compounds are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

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Law of Multiple Proportions

The Law of Multiple Proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed as small whole numbers. This principle highlights the discrete nature of chemical combinations and supports the idea that compounds are formed from specific ratios of atoms.
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Law of Multiple Proportions

Mass Ratio Calculation

To demonstrate the Law of Multiple Proportions, one must calculate the mass ratios of oxygen to osmium in the given compounds. By dividing the mass of oxygen by the mass of osmium for each compound, we can compare these ratios to see if they form a simple whole number ratio, which is essential for validating the law.
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Neutron-Proton Ratio

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the area of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Understanding stoichiometry is crucial for analyzing the composition of compounds and determining how different elements combine in fixed ratios, which is fundamental to applying the Law of Multiple Proportions.
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Stoichiometry Concept
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