Domanda del libro di testo
In each pair of compounds, pick the one with the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature. Explain your reasoning. b. CH3CH2CH2OH or CH3OH
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Ch.12 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving118
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements106
- Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds131
- Ch.4 - Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities56
- Ch.5 - Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Solutions82
- Ch.6 - Gases114
- Ch.7 - Thermochemistry96
- Ch.8 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom60
- Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements90
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model89
- Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory85
- Ch.12 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces51
- Ch.13 - Solids & Modern Materials47
- Ch.14 - Solutions90
- Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics115
- Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium68
- Ch.17 - Acids and Bases136
- Ch.18 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium153
- Ch.19 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics93
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry106
- Ch.21 - Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry74
- Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry140
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 12, Problema 51
Which compound would you expect to have greater surface tension: acetone [(CH3)2CO] or water (H2O)? Explain.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the intermolecular forces present in each compound. Acetone has dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces, while water has hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.
Understand that surface tension is influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces. Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher surface tension.
Recognize that hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong type of intermolecular force, which is present in water but not in acetone.
Compare the overall strength of intermolecular forces in acetone and water. Water's hydrogen bonds make its intermolecular forces stronger than those in acetone.
Conclude that water, with its stronger intermolecular forces due to hydrogen bonding, would have a greater surface tension compared to acetone.
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Surface Tension
Surface tension is a physical property of liquids that describes the elastic-like force at the surface of a liquid. It arises from the cohesive forces between liquid molecules, which are stronger at the surface due to the lack of neighboring molecules above. This phenomenon causes the surface to behave like a stretched elastic membrane, influencing how liquids interact with solids and other liquids.
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03:13
Intermolecular Forces and Properties
Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonding is a type of strong intermolecular attraction that occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen. In water (H2O), each molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules, leading to a highly structured network. This strong bonding significantly contributes to water's high surface tension compared to many other liquids.
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01:22Hydrogenation Reactions
Molecular Structure and Polarity
The molecular structure and polarity of a compound greatly influence its physical properties, including surface tension. Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other, allowing for strong intermolecular attractions. In contrast, acetone [(CH3)2CO] is less polar and has weaker intermolecular forces, resulting in lower surface tension compared to water.
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02:38Molecular Polarity
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