What are the products of each aromatic substitution reaction? a.

Aromatic substitution is a chemical reaction where an atom, typically hydrogen, in an aromatic compound is replaced by another atom or group. This process preserves the aromaticity of the compound, meaning the stability and electron delocalization of the aromatic ring remain intact. Common examples include electrophilic aromatic substitution, where an electrophile attacks the aromatic ring.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is a specific type of aromatic substitution where an electrophile reacts with an aromatic compound. In the presence of a catalyst, such as FeBr3, the electrophile (like Br+) is generated from a halogen source (Br2), allowing it to replace a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring. This reaction is crucial for synthesizing various aromatic compounds.

Catalysts, such as FeBr3 in the given reaction, are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. In EAS, catalysts help generate a more reactive electrophile from a less reactive halogen molecule, facilitating the substitution reaction. They play a vital role in making the reaction more efficient and selective.