Domanda del libro di testo
The average human lung expands by about 0.50 L during each breath. If this expansion occurs against an external pressure of 1.0 atm, how much work (in J) is done during the expansion?
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Ch.7 - Thermochemistry
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving118
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements106
- Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds131
- Ch.4 - Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities56
- Ch.5 - Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Solutions82
- Ch.6 - Gases114
- Ch.7 - Thermochemistry96
- Ch.8 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom60
- Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements90
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model89
- Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory85
- Ch.12 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces51
- Ch.13 - Solids & Modern Materials47
- Ch.14 - Solutions90
- Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics115
- Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium68
- Ch.17 - Acids and Bases136
- Ch.18 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium153
- Ch.19 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics93
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry106
- Ch.21 - Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry74
- Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry140
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Capitolo 7, Problema 53
How much work (in J) is required to expand the volume of a pump from 0.0 L to 2.5 L against an external pressure of 1.1 atm?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Identify the formula for work done during expansion: \( W = -P_{\text{ext}} \Delta V \), where \( W \) is work, \( P_{\text{ext}} \) is the external pressure, and \( \Delta V \) is the change in volume.
Calculate the change in volume \( \Delta V \) by subtracting the initial volume from the final volume: \( \Delta V = V_{\text{final}} - V_{\text{initial}} = 2.5 \text{ L} - 0.0 \text{ L} \).
Convert the external pressure from atm to the SI unit of pressure, pascals (Pa), using the conversion factor: \( 1 \text{ atm} = 101325 \text{ Pa} \).
Convert the volume change from liters to cubic meters (m³) since 1 L = 0.001 m³.
Substitute the values into the work formula and solve for \( W \), ensuring all units are consistent (pressure in Pa and volume in m³).
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Work in Thermodynamics
In thermodynamics, work is defined as the energy transferred when a force is applied over a distance. For gas expansion, the work done on or by the system can be calculated using the formula W = -P_extΔV, where P_ext is the external pressure and ΔV is the change in volume. The negative sign indicates that work is done by the system when it expands.
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Percorso guidato
01:18
First Law of Thermodynamics
Pressure-Volume Work
Pressure-volume work occurs when a gas expands or contracts against an external pressure. It is a common type of work in chemical processes, particularly in engines and pumps. The work done can be expressed in units of energy, such as joules, and is directly related to the pressure exerted and the change in volume of the gas.
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Percorso guidato
02:35Constant-Volume Calorimetry
Unit Conversion
In this problem, it is essential to convert pressure from atmospheres to joules. The conversion factor is 1 atm = 101.325 J/L. This conversion allows for consistent units when calculating work, ensuring that the pressure and volume are compatible in the formula used to determine the work done during the expansion.
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Percorso guidato
01:56Conversion Factors
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The air within a piston equipped with a cylinder absorbs 565 J of heat and expands from an initial volume of 0.10 L to a final volume of 0.85 L against an external pressure of 1.0 atm. What is the change in internal energy of the air within the piston?
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Domanda del libro di testo
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a. Pyrex glass (Tf = 55.4°C)
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c. ethanol (Tf = 44.2°C)
d. water (Tf = 32.4°C)
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