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Regulation of Transposable Elements definitions

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Termini in questo insieme (15)

  • Transposon
    A DNA sequence capable of moving within the genome, often containing repeated sequences at its ends.
  • Non-coding RNA
    A class of RNA molecules, such as siRNAs and piRNAs, that do not code for proteins but regulate gene expression and transposon activity.
  • siRNA
    A small RNA molecule that guides protein complexes to complementary RNA for degradation, silencing gene or transposon expression.
  • microRNA
    A short RNA molecule that regulates gene expression by binding to target RNAs, leading to their degradation or translational repression.
  • piRNA
    A type of small RNA that associates with proteins to silence transposons, especially in animal germ cells.
  • dsRNA
    A double-stranded RNA structure recognized as abnormal by cells, triggering degradation pathways to prevent unwanted gene activity.
  • Dicer
    An enzyme that processes double-stranded RNA into smaller fragments, initiating RNA interference pathways.
  • RISC
    A protein complex that binds processed RNA fragments, guiding them to complementary RNAs for targeted degradation.
  • TC1
    A specific transposon in C. elegans, stationary in germ cells due to RNA-mediated degradation mechanisms.
  • Inverted Repeat
    A sequence at the ends of transposons that enables RNA folding into double-stranded structures.
  • pi Cluster
    A large genomic region containing multiple transposons, transcribed into long RNAs processed into piRNAs.
  • Argonaute
    A protein that binds small RNAs, forming complexes that target and degrade complementary RNA sequences.
  • CRISPR
    A bacterial defense system that uses RNA-guided mechanisms to silence and degrade foreign DNA, including transposons.
  • RNA Degradation
    A cellular process where specific RNA molecules are broken down, preventing their translation or activity.
  • RNA Interference
    A regulatory pathway where small RNAs guide protein complexes to silence or degrade target RNAs, controlling gene and transposon expression.