Domanda del libro di testo
Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during translation, and list all enzymes that participate in the transcription and translation process.
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Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins
Klug12th EditionConcepts of GeneticsISBN: 9780135564776
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics17
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis36
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics51
- Ch. 4 - Extensions of Mendelian Genetics74
- Ch. 5 - Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes51
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages46
- Ch. 7 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes33
- Ch. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement40
- Ch. 9 - Extranuclear Inheritance31
- Ch. 10 - DNA Structure and Analysis43
- Ch. 11 - DNA Replication and Recombination44
- Ch. 12 - DNA Organization in Chromosomes30
- Ch. 13 - The Genetic Code and Transcription54
- Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins47
- Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition41
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria29
- Ch. 17 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes41
- Ch. 18 - Post-transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes33
- Ch. 19 - Epigenetics33
- Ch. 20 - Recombinant DNA Technology44
- Ch. 21 - Genomic Analysis36
- Ch. 22 - Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology36
- Ch. 23 - Developmental Genetics37
- Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics34
- Ch. 25 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits54
- Ch. 26 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
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Capitolo 14, Problema 6
The α chain of eukaryotic hemoglobin is composed of 141 amino acids. What is the minimum number of nucleotides in an mRNA coding for this polypeptide chain?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand that each amino acid in a polypeptide chain is encoded by a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA, called a codon.
Identify the total number of amino acids in the α chain, which is given as 141 amino acids.
Calculate the number of nucleotides needed to code for these amino acids by multiplying the number of amino acids by 3, since each amino acid corresponds to 3 nucleotides: .
Remember to consider the stop codon, which signals the end of translation but does not code for an amino acid. The stop codon also consists of 3 nucleotides and must be included in the total nucleotide count.
Add the 3 nucleotides of the stop codon to the previous total to find the minimum number of nucleotides in the mRNA: .
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Genetic Code and Codons
The genetic code consists of nucleotide triplets called codons, each specifying a single amino acid. Since each amino acid is encoded by a sequence of three nucleotides, the length of the mRNA coding region depends on the number of amino acids in the protein.
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11:43
The Genetic Code
mRNA Structure and Translation
mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. The coding region of mRNA includes codons for amino acids and a stop codon that signals termination of translation, which is essential for determining the total nucleotide count.
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Percorso guidato
07:58Translation initiation
Stop Codon and Its Role
A stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) signals the end of translation and does not code for an amino acid. Therefore, the mRNA must include an additional three nucleotides beyond those coding for amino acids to properly terminate protein synthesis.
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01:55Translation Termination
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Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs with their appropriate amino acids.
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During translation, what molecule bears the codon? the anticodon?
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To carry out its role, each transfer RNA requires at least four specific recognition sites that must be inherent in its tertiary structure. What are they?
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Francis Crick proposed the 'adaptor hypothesis' for the function of tRNA. Why did he choose that description?
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Assuming that each nucleotide in an mRNA is 0.34 nm long, how many triplet codes can simultaneously occupy the space in a ribosome that is 20 nm in diameter?
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