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Ch.11 Nucleic Acids Big Molecules with a Big Role
Frost - General, Organic and Biological Chemistry 4th Edition
Frost4th EditionGeneral, Organic and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134988696Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoFrost 4th EditionCh.11 Nucleic Acids Big Molecules with a Big RoleProblema 75c
Capitolo 7, Problema 75c

What is the anticodon on tRNA for each of the following codons in an mRNA?
c. GAA

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1
Understand the relationship between codons in mRNA and anticodons in tRNA. Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify amino acids, while anticodons are complementary sequences of three nucleotides in tRNA that pair with the codons during translation.
Identify the given mRNA codon: GAA. This is the sequence that we need to find the complementary anticodon for.
Recall the base-pairing rules for RNA: Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U), Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
Apply the base-pairing rules to determine the anticodon sequence. For the mRNA codon GAA, the complementary anticodon will be formed by pairing each nucleotide: G pairs with C, A pairs with U, and A pairs with U.
Write the anticodon sequence in the 5' to 3' direction, as tRNA anticodons are conventionally written in this orientation. Ensure the sequence is correctly derived based on the base-pairing rules.

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Codons and Anticodons

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid during protein synthesis. Each codon corresponds to a specific anticodon on tRNA, which is a complementary sequence of three nucleotides. This pairing is crucial for the accurate translation of genetic information into proteins.
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Types of RNA Concept 2

Base Pairing Rules

Base pairing rules dictate how nucleotides pair with each other in DNA and RNA. In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). Understanding these rules is essential for determining the correct anticodon that pairs with a given mRNA codon.
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2:01
Base Pairing Concept 2

tRNA Function

Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a critical role in translating mRNA into proteins by bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon that matches a codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.
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Logarithmic Functions
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What is the one-letter amino acid sequence formed from the following mRNA that codes for a pentapeptide that is an endorphin called Met-enkephalin?

5'AUG|UAC|GGU|GGA|UUU|AUG|UAA3'

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Provide the three-letter amino acid sequence expected from each of the following mRNA segments:

b. 5'CUA|AGC|UUC|AAC|UGG3'

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In sickle-cell anemia, a base substitution in the hemoglobin gene replaces glutamate (a polar amino acid) with valine. Why does the replacement of one amino acid cause such a drastic change in biological function?

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A base substitution changes a codon for an enzyme from GCC to GCA. Why is there no change in the amino acid order in the protein?

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Provide the amino acid corresponding to each of the following codons:

c. AUC

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A base substitution for an enzyme replaces leucine (a nonpolar amino acid) with alanine. Why does this change in amino acids have little effect on the biological activity of the enzyme?