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Ch.6 Carbohydrates Life's Sweet Molecules
Frost - General, Organic and Biological Chemistry 4th Edition
Frost4th EditionGeneral, Organic and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134988696Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoFrost 4th EditionCh.6 Carbohydrates Life's Sweet MoleculesProblema 39a
Capitolo 3, Problema 39a

Identify a disaccharide that fits each of the following descriptions:
(a) ordinary table sugar

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1
Understand the term 'disaccharide': A disaccharide is a carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharide units joined by a glycosidic bond. Common examples include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Recall the common name for ordinary table sugar: Ordinary table sugar is chemically known as sucrose, which is a disaccharide.
Identify the monosaccharides that make up sucrose: Sucrose is composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule linked by a glycosidic bond.
Recognize the source of sucrose: Sucrose is commonly derived from sugarcane or sugar beets and is widely used as a sweetener in food and beverages.
Confirm the description matches sucrose: Ordinary table sugar fits the description of a disaccharide commonly used in households and food preparation, confirming that sucrose is the correct answer.

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Disaccharides

Disaccharides are carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharides through a glycosidic bond. They are a type of simple sugar and can be broken down into their constituent monosaccharides by hydrolysis. Common examples include sucrose, lactose, and maltose, each serving different functions in biological systems.
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Types of Disaccharides Concept 1

Sucrose

Sucrose is a specific disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It is commonly known as table sugar and is widely used as a sweetener in food and beverages. Sucrose is naturally found in many plants, particularly in sugarcane and sugar beets, and is a primary source of energy in the human diet.
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Enzyme-Substrate Complex Example 1

Glycosidic Bond

A glycosidic bond is a type of covalent bond that links a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which can be another carbohydrate or a different type of molecule. In disaccharides, this bond forms between the hydroxyl group of one sugar and the anomeric carbon of another, resulting in the release of a water molecule during the reaction. This bond is crucial for the formation and stability of disaccharides.
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Glycosidic Linkage Formation Concept 1
Pratica correlata
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If one sweetener packet of Splenda, Sweet’N Low, or Equal has the same sweetness as two tablespoons of sugar, according to Table 6.2, which of the packets contains the smallest amount of the sweetener?

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Based on the sweetness index in Table 6.2, if you tasted a drop of each of the syrups below, which would taste the sweetest?

(a) light corn syrup (100% glucose)

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Name the glycosidic bond present in mannobiose, shown in the following figure:

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Lactulose is a disaccharide used in the treatment of chronic constipation. Its formal name is galactose β(1→4) fructose.

(a) Draw the structure of lactulose.

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For each of the following disaccharides, name the glycosidic bond and draw the monosaccharide units produced by hydrolysis:

(a)

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Describe the similarities and differences of the following polysaccharides:

(a) amylose and amylopectin

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