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Introducing Concepts - Business Cycle definitions

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  • Business Cycle

    A recurring pattern of economic ups and downs, shown by changes in employment or production over time.
  • Peak

    The highest point of economic activity before a downturn, marking the transition from growth to decline.
  • Trough

    The lowest point of economic activity, signaling the end of a decline and the start of recovery.
  • Recession

    A period marked by decreasing employment and production, also known as a contraction.
  • Expansion

    A phase where employment and production rise, often referred to as recovery.
  • Contraction

    A synonym for recession, indicating a shrinking economy with falling output and jobs.
  • Recovery

    Another term for expansion, highlighting the economy's improvement after a downturn.
  • Economic Activity

    The overall level of production and employment, used to gauge the health of an economy.
  • Employment

    The number of people working, which rises in expansions and falls in recessions.
  • Production

    The total output of goods and services, reflecting the economy's performance over time.
  • Unemployment

    The condition where fewer citizens are employed, typically increasing during downturns.
  • Graph

    A visual tool with time on the X-axis and employment or production on the Y-axis, used to illustrate economic trends.
  • Time Axis

    The horizontal line on a graph representing the passage of time in economic analysis.
  • Y-Axis

    The vertical line on a graph showing levels of employment or production in the business cycle.