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Microbiology: Key Bacterial Groups and Characteristics

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Termini in questo insieme (15)

  • Bacteroides characteristics

    Gram-negative, obligate anaerobes found in the digestive tract of humans and animals; constitute about 30% of bacteria in human feces; most common human anaerobic pathogen.

  • Spirochetes features

    Helical bacteria that are motile by axial filament flagella. Examples include Treponema pallidum (syphilis) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease).

  • Chlamidias key traits

    Small, Gram-negative cocci, intracellular, and lack peptidoglycan. Cause neonatal blindness, pneumonia, and the STD lymphogranuloma venereum.

  • Pseudomonads characteristics and impact

    Gram-negative aerobic flagellated bacilli or vibrios. Cause spoilage of milk, meat, and eggs under refrigeration; also cause urinary tract infections and external otitis.

  • Brucella and diseases caused

    Causes brucellosis in animals. Species include abortus, melitensis, and suis.

  • Rickettsiae characteristics and transmission

    Small, Gram-negative bacteria transmitted host-to-host via arthropod vectors. Cause typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

  • Streptomyces importance

    Gram-positive bacteria that provide most antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline.

  • Nocardia features

    Gram-negative soil and water dwelling aerobes that typically form filaments and can cause human lesions.

  • Actinomycetes general traits

    Gram-positive bacteria forming branching filaments resembling fungi. Includes genera Actinomyces, Nocardia, and Streptomyces.

  • Corynebacterium key features and disease

    Causes diphtheria with a pseudomembrane in the throat. Aerobic and facultative anaerobe with snapping division and phosphate inclusions called metachromatic granules.

  • Lactobacillus role and characteristics

    Non-spore forming bacillus found in mouth, stomach, intestine, and vagina. Forms dental plaque and acts as a probiotic by microbial antagonism preventing other bacteria from reproducing.

  • Listeria monocytogenes traits and diseases

    Gram-positive bacillus causing listeriosis (food poisoning). Reproduces under refrigeration, survives phagocytosis, can cross the placenta, and may cause meningitis in immunocompromised patients.

  • Bacillus genus characteristics

    Endospore-forming aerobes and facultative anaerobes. Includes anthracis (anthrax) and species producing antibiotics like polymyxa and licheniformis.

  • Mycoplasmas unique features

    Pleomorphic bacteria lacking a cell wall but containing sterols in their membrane for strength. Resemble fungi with filament forms and a fried egg shape. Can cause primary atypical pneumonia.

  • Clostridia general traits and diseases

    Gram-positive bacilli, obligate anaerobes, endospore-forming. Includes tetani (tetanus), perfringens (gangrene), botulinum (botulism), and difficile (diarrhea).