Indicate the true statements and then correct the false statements so that they are true.
a. Isotopes are atoms with differing numbers of protons and the same number of neutrons.
b. A cation is a positive ion.
c. Redox reactions create ions.
d. Equal sharing of electrons leads to polar covalent bonds.
e. Ions are charged atoms.
f. CO₂ is an inorganic molecule.
g. Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures.
h. Adding a base to a solution will decrease the pH.

Acids donate _______________________ to an aqueous solution, which will lead to a(n) _______________________ in pH. In contrast, bases donate _______________________ to an aqueous solution and will _______________________ the pH. The pH of a solution with more OH⁻

than H⁺ will have a(n) _______________________ pH.

Determine the following:

a. The molarity of a solution with 0.5 moles of glucose per liter of water.

b. The concentration (in weight/volume percent) of a solution that contains 20 grams of sodium chloride per liter of water.

c. The concentration (in mg/dL) of a solution with 1 gram of lactic acid per 100 mL of solution.

d. The molarity of a solution with 1 mmol of solute in 1 L of water.

Write the molecular formula for a substance that contains two oxygen molecules, two carbons, and four hydrogen atoms. Be sure to follow the standard conventions of writing molecular formulas.

Complete the table:

In each of the following reactions, identify the products and reactants, and state what class of reaction is shown.

Select the false statement about salts.

a. Salts are ionic compounds.

b. Salts are formed when an acid and a base react with each other.

c. Salts consist of an anion and a cation component.

d. Salts may be inorganic.

e. Salts are usually acids.

f. Salts are usually hydrophilic.