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Ch. 20 - Urinary and Reproductive System Infections
Norman-McKay- Microbiology: Basic and Clinical Principles 2nd Edition
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoNorman-McKay 2nd EditionCh. 20 - Urinary and Reproductive System InfectionsProblema 2
Capitolo 16, Problema 2

Factors that contribute to vulvovaginal candidiasis include:
a. Low vaginal pH
b. High nitrates in urine
c. Increased blood bilirubin levels
d. Increased estrogen levels
e. Taking a fluconazole drug

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1
Understand that vulvovaginal candidiasis is a fungal infection primarily caused by Candida species, often influenced by changes in the vaginal environment and host factors.
Evaluate each option by considering how it affects the vaginal environment or immune response: for example, low vaginal pH typically inhibits Candida growth, so it is less likely to contribute to candidiasis.
Recognize that increased estrogen levels can promote glycogen deposition in vaginal epithelial cells, which Candida can use as a nutrient source, thus facilitating infection.
Consider that taking fluconazole, an antifungal medication, is used to treat candidiasis rather than cause it, so it is unlikely to be a contributing factor.
Summarize by identifying which factors create a favorable environment for Candida overgrowth, such as increased estrogen levels, and exclude those that do not support fungal proliferation.

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Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Vaginal pH

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a fungal infection caused mainly by Candida species. A low vaginal pH (acidic environment) typically inhibits Candida growth, so it is not a contributing factor; instead, a higher or neutral pH can promote infection by disrupting normal flora.
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pH Scale

Role of Estrogen in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Increased estrogen levels, such as during pregnancy or hormone therapy, promote glycogen accumulation in vaginal epithelial cells. This creates a nutrient-rich environment that supports Candida overgrowth, making elevated estrogen a significant risk factor for vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Microorganisms in Health & Disease

Impact of Antifungal Drugs like Fluconazole

Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat candidiasis. Taking fluconazole helps reduce Candida infection rather than contribute to it, so it is not a factor that promotes vulvovaginal candidiasis but rather a treatment option.
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Glucose Levels, cAMP, & the Lac Operon
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

A patient you are assessing reports an increase in vaginal discharge that has a foul odor, but she does not report other symptoms. The patient has been in a monogamous relationship for 3 years. Which of the following would be the most useful for this patient? Select all that apply.

a. Evaluate her urine for increased white blood cells

b. Perform a Gram stain on the vaginal discharge

c. Run a pregnancy test

d. Test for an STI

e. Perform a whiff test

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views
Domanda del libro di testo

A patient you are assessing reports an increase in vaginal discharge that has a foul odor, but she does not report other symptoms. The patient has been in a monogamous relationship for 3 years. Which of the following would be the most useful for this patient? Select all that apply.

a. Evaluate her urine for increased white blood cells

b. Perform a Gram stain on the vaginal discharge

c. Run a pregnancy test

d. Test for an STI

e. Perform a whiff test

1191
views
Domanda del libro di testo

Which of the following does not fall into our current definition of TORCH infections?

a. Syphilis

b. Trichomoniasis

c. HIV

d. Rubella

e. Cytomegalovirus

1268
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Domanda del libro di testo

How do lactobacilli limit infections in the vagina? Select all that apply.

a. They competitively exclude potential pathogens

b. They make hydrogen peroxide

c. They ferment fructose to make lactic acid

d. They lower the vaginal pH, which limits pathogen growth

e. They increase the rate of vaginal mucus secretion

1210
views