Domanda del libro di testo
How might phage conversion provide a bacterium with an evolutionary advantage?
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Ch. 6 - Viruses and Prions
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 2 - Biochemistry Basics19
- Ch. 4 - Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells16
- Ch. 6 - Viruses and Prions12
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Metabolism16
- Ch. 9 - Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology11
- Ch. 10 - Host Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis19
- Ch. 11 - Innate Immunity24
- Ch. 12 - Adaptive Immunity22
- Ch. 13 - Immune System Disorders15
- Ch. 14 - Biomedical Applications: Vaccines, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Molecular Method14
- Ch. 15 - Antimicrobial Drugs18
- Ch. 16 - Respiratory System Infections16
- Ch. 17 - Skin and Eye Infections19
- Ch. 18 - Nervous System Infections12
- Ch. 19 - Digestive System Infections20
- Ch. 20 - Urinary and Reproductive System Infections10
- Ch. 21 - Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections15
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 3, Problema 4
Compare and contrast production of viral proteins for dsDNA viruses and ssRNA+ viruses.
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Understand the genome type and replication site for each virus. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, while single-stranded positive-sense RNA (ssRNA+) viruses usually replicate in the cytoplasm.
Step 2: For dsDNA viruses, the viral DNA is transcribed by the host's RNA polymerase II into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into viral proteins by host ribosomes. This process closely resembles normal host gene expression.
Step 3: For ssRNA+ viruses, their genome acts directly as mRNA upon entry into the host cell. This means the viral RNA can be immediately translated by host ribosomes to produce viral proteins without the need for transcription.
Step 4: Consider the production of viral enzymes and structural proteins. dsDNA viruses often produce early proteins involved in DNA replication and late proteins for capsid formation, while ssRNA+ viruses translate their genome into a polyprotein that is later cleaved into functional proteins.
Step 5: Summarize the key differences: dsDNA viruses rely on host nuclear machinery for transcription and then translation, whereas ssRNA+ viruses bypass transcription by using their genome directly as mRNA in the cytoplasm, leading to differences in timing and regulation of viral protein production.
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Genome Type and Replication Strategy
dsDNA viruses have double-stranded DNA genomes that typically replicate in the host nucleus using host or viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerases. In contrast, ssRNA+ viruses have single-stranded positive-sense RNA genomes that can directly serve as mRNA for protein synthesis and replicate in the cytoplasm using viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
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02:51
Genomic Islands
Transcription and Translation Mechanisms
dsDNA viruses transcribe their DNA into mRNA using host or viral RNA polymerase, producing mRNAs that are translated by host ribosomes. ssRNA+ viruses’ genomes act directly as mRNA, allowing immediate translation of viral proteins upon entry, bypassing the need for transcription.
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04:07Review of Transcription vs. Translation
Temporal Regulation of Viral Protein Production
dsDNA viruses often exhibit tightly regulated temporal expression of early and late proteins, coordinating replication and assembly. ssRNA+ viruses generally produce proteins continuously from their RNA genome, with some using subgenomic RNAs to regulate structural protein synthesis.
Video consigliato:
04:082) mRNA Protection in the Cytoplasm
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The patient has a viral titer of 200 on day four after infection, 30 at 4 weeks after infection, 600 at 8 months after infection, and 23 after 1 year of infection. This is likely a(n) _______________ infection.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Assume a new enveloped RNA virus is causing an epidemic. Which of the following may be useful to manage the disease? Select all that apply.
a. Injectable antibodies
b. Interferons
c. Antibiotics
d. Nucleoside analogs
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An accidental needle stick occurs during the routine treatment of an HIV-positive patient who arrives at your clinic. Immediate administration of _______________ can block viral entry.
a. Enfuvirtide
b. Vapendavir
c. AZT
d. Amantadine
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Domanda del libro di testo
A young mother who has hepatitis B is under your care. Your main concern is to prevent the spread of the virus from infected cells to healthy ones. You would recommend:
a. Acyclovir
b. Retrovir
c. Interferon
d. Valtrex
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Domanda del libro di testo
An RNA virus with an antisense or negative strand must have which of the following enzymes to replicate?
a. Reverse transcriptase
b. Host DNA polymerase
c. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
d. Host RNA polymerase
1341
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