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Ch. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune System
Tortora - Microbiology: An Introduction 14th Edition
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoTortora 14th EditionCh. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune SystemProblema 1
Capitolo 15, Problema 1

Desensitization to prevent an allergic response can be accomplished by injecting small, repeated doses of:
a. IgE antibodies
b. The antigen (allergen)
c. Histamine
d. IgG antibodies
e. Antihistamine

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1
Understand the concept of desensitization in allergy treatment: it involves gradually exposing the immune system to increasing amounts of the allergen to build tolerance and reduce allergic reactions.
Recall that desensitization is typically done by injecting small, repeated doses of the allergen itself, not antibodies or histamine, to modify the immune response.
Recognize that injecting IgE antibodies would worsen the allergic response since IgE mediates allergy symptoms, so this is not used for desensitization.
Note that injecting histamine or antihistamines directly is not a method of desensitization; histamine causes symptoms, and antihistamines block symptoms but do not induce tolerance.
Conclude that the correct approach is injecting small, repeated doses of the antigen (allergen) to safely train the immune system to become less reactive.

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Allergic Response and IgE Antibodies

An allergic response is triggered when IgE antibodies recognize an allergen, leading to the release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells. This causes symptoms like inflammation and itching. Understanding the role of IgE is crucial to grasp how allergies develop and how they can be modulated.
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IgE

Desensitization (Allergen Immunotherapy)

Desensitization involves administering gradually increasing doses of the allergen to the patient. This process helps the immune system develop tolerance, reducing the allergic reaction over time by shifting the immune response away from IgE-mediated pathways.
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Classes of Antibodies

Role of IgG Antibodies in Allergy Treatment

IgG antibodies can block allergens from binding to IgE on mast cells, preventing allergic reactions. During desensitization, the immune system often produces more IgG, which acts as a 'blocking antibody' and contributes to the reduction of allergy symptoms.
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Review Table of Immunoglobin Classes
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In the laboratory, blood is typed by looking for hemagglutination. For example, anti-A antibodies and type A RBCs clump. In a type A person, anti-A antibodies will cause hemolysis. Why?

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Cytotoxic autoimmunity differs from immune complex autoimmunity in that cytotoxic reactions

a. Involve antibodies

b. Do not involve complement

c. Are caused by T cells

d. Do not involve IgE antibodies

e. None of the above

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What does pluripotent mean?

a. Ability of a single cell to develop into an embryonic or adult stem cell

b. Ability of a stem cell to develop into many different cell types

c. A cell without MHC I and MHC II antigens

d. Ability of a single stem cell to heal different types of diseases

e. Ability of an adult cell to become a stem cell

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