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Ch. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune System
Tortora - Microbiology: An Introduction 14th Edition
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoTortora 14th EditionCh. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune SystemProblema 5
Capitolo 15, Problema 5

Why does an ANA (antinuclear antibody) test diagnose lupus?

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1
Understand that an ANA (antinuclear antibody) test detects the presence of autoantibodies that target components within the nucleus of cells.
Recognize that lupus, specifically systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own nuclear material.
Know that in lupus patients, the immune system produces antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) that bind to nuclear antigens, which can be detected by the ANA test.
The ANA test is used as a screening tool because a positive result indicates the presence of these autoantibodies, which are commonly found in lupus and other autoimmune diseases.
Therefore, a positive ANA test supports the diagnosis of lupus by revealing the immune system's abnormal response against nuclear components, although further clinical evaluation is necessary for confirmation.

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Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)

Antinuclear antibodies are autoantibodies that target components within the nucleus of a cell. Their presence indicates an immune system malfunction where the body attacks its own cells, which is common in autoimmune diseases like lupus.
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Antibodies

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation and tissue damage. It often produces a variety of autoantibodies, including ANAs, making ANA testing a useful tool for its diagnosis.
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Introduction to the Complement System

Diagnostic Role of the ANA Test

The ANA test detects the presence of antinuclear antibodies in the blood. A positive ANA test suggests autoimmune activity, which supports the diagnosis of lupus, although it is not exclusive to lupus and must be interpreted with clinical findings.
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The Ames Test
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Which of the following is not the cause of a natural immunodeficiency?

a. A recessive gene resulting in lack of a thymus gland

b. A recessive gene resulting in few B cells

c. HIV infection

d. Immunosuppressant drugs

e. All of the above are causes of natural immunodeficiency

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Which antibodies will be found naturally in the serum of a person with blood type A, Rh⁺?

a. Anti A, anti B, anti Rh

b. Anti A, anti Rh

c. Anti A

d. Anti B, anti Rh

e. Anti B

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Differentiate the three types of autoimmune diseases. Name an example of each type.

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Discuss the roles of antibodies and antigens in an incompatible tissue transplant.

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Antibodies against HIV are ineffective for all of the following reasons except:

a. The fact that antibodies aren’t made against HIV

b. Transmission by cell–cell fusion

c. Antigenic changes

d. Latency

e. Persistence of virus particles in vacuoles

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Explain what happens when a person develops a contact sensitivity to the poison oak plant.

a. What causes the observed symptoms?

b. How did the sensitivity develop?

c. How might this person be desensitized to poison oak?

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