Classify each of the molecules on the left as an acid, base, or salt. The dissociation products of the molecules are shown to help you.
MgSO₄ → Mg²⁺ + SO₄²⁻
a. Acid
b. Base
c. Salt

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Identify the original molecule given: MgSO₄ (magnesium sulfate).

Look at the dissociation products: Mg²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions.

Recall that acids release H⁺ ions in solution, bases release OH⁻ ions, and salts dissociate into cations and anions that are not H⁺ or OH⁻.

Since MgSO₄ dissociates into Mg²⁺ (a metal cation) and SO₄²⁻ (a sulfate anion), neither of which is H⁺ or OH⁻, this indicates it is a salt.

Therefore, classify MgSO₄ as a salt based on its dissociation into metal and non-metal ions without releasing H⁺ or OH⁻.

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Acids, Bases, and Salts Classification

Acids are substances that release H⁺ ions in solution, bases release OH⁻ ions, and salts are ionic compounds formed from the neutralization of an acid and a base. Understanding how a molecule dissociates into ions helps classify it as an acid, base, or salt.

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Acids and Bases

Ionic Dissociation in Aqueous Solutions

Ionic compounds dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water. For example, MgSO₄ dissociates into Mg²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions. Recognizing these ions and their charges is essential to determine the nature of the original compound.

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Ionic Bonds

Role of Cations and Anions in Classification

The identity of the dissociated ions determines if a compound is acidic, basic, or neutral. Metal cations like Mg²⁺ and polyatomic anions like SO₄²⁻ typically form salts, which are neutral compounds resulting from acid-base reactions.

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