Which of the following statements correctly reflects the role of male health in preconception counseling?

Male nutrition, healthy weight, and avoidance of teratogens improve sperm quality and thereby increase the chance of conception and favorable pregnancy outcomes; counseling should include both partners.

Male partners should be discouraged from any physical activity before conception because exercise reduces sperm count permanently.

Male health matters only if the female partner is infertile; otherwise, it has no measurable effect on pregnancy outcomes.

Only genetic factors in the male determine sperm quality; lifestyle and nutrition have no demonstrable effect.