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In anthracene, what type of hybrid orbitals are utilized by the carbon atoms in the aromatic rings?
A
hybrid orbitals
B
Unhybridized orbitals only
C
hybrid orbitals
D
hybrid orbitals
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1
Recall that anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of fused benzene rings, where each carbon atom participates in the aromatic system.
Understand that in aromatic systems, each carbon atom typically forms three sigma bonds: two with adjacent carbons and one with a hydrogen atom (or substituent), requiring three hybrid orbitals.
Recognize that to form these three sigma bonds, carbon atoms use \(s p^{2}\) hybrid orbitals, which are formed by mixing one s orbital and two p orbitals.
Note that the remaining unhybridized p orbital on each carbon atom is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the ring and overlaps with neighboring p orbitals to form the delocalized pi system characteristic of aromaticity.
Conclude that the carbon atoms in anthracene utilize \(s p^{2}\) hybrid orbitals for sigma bonding and have unhybridized p orbitals for the pi bonding network.